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My husband was in and around Al Diwaniyah from 2003-2004. Just a few days before they left, the local city (tribal) leader told my husband ,quite frankly, that they were the last group of military the city would tolerate. After they left, attacks would occur. And they did. Not 3 days after my husband left to return to the states, Al Diwaniyah was attacked repeatedly. The tribal leader told my husband they didn't expect to get another group willing to work with them and the time has come.
Spain took over and the tribal leader hated Spain. He felt the Spanish had abused their authority. (another story for another time)
Prior to that the attacks were minor and few and far between(mainly sniper). The local city (tribal) leader made sure of it. That was his job and had been his job before the Americans got there...to protect "his" city.
My husband told me they (his unit) never made a decision they didn't first talk over with this leader. Without his help, few things got done. So a cooperation was built if anything was to be accomplished.
My point is, I seriously doubt many such relationships are or were being built by all teams of military in Iraq. There was a police academy at Diwaniyah and the tribal leader helped pick those who would attend. Naturally, those trained would lend in the effort of protecting the city.
The troops that went in with a heavy hand and neglected the established chain of power within Iraqi cities, I would wager had the most problems. Mainly because they didn't treat the Iraqis with respect and they poo-poo'ed the traditions of the various tribes.
I think an already bad situation(illegal invasion) was made much worse by American policy and soldiers that didn't take the history and traditions of Iraq into consideration. We are seeing the fruits of American arrogance in more ways than one.
We know that particular tribal leader is still alive.(friends of ours over there now have spoken with him) I think he's alive not because he worked with the Americans...but rather...because he made the Americans worked with him. The tradition was respected. His place as the tribal leader was honored. The people saw this...
If that makes sense
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