This is a PDF,
August 1992 Volume 4; Issue 7
DANGEROUS DIALOGUE
Attacks on Freedom of Expression
in Miami's Cuban Exile Community
AMERICAS WATCH
THE FUND FOR FREE EXPRESSION
DIVISIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH
Violence and intimidation of dissident political voices in the U.S.
Cuban community is nothing new. An anonymous letter printed by the New York Times in 1979 asked "how
we can permit a small group of fanatical anti-Castro terrorists to deny us our right to visit our families and to
rediscover Cuban cultural traditions?" The letter cited the recent bombings of the Cuban and Soviet
missions in New York City and the murders of two members of the Committee of 75, a group of Cuban
exiles who met in Cuba with government officials in what has widely become known as the "Dialogue,"6
negotiating the release of some political prisoners, and liberalizing arrangements for cultural exchanges and
travel. Those killed were Eulalio Negrín, director of a Cuban refugee services center, shot by two Omega 7
operatives wearing ski masks as he was entering his car in Union City, N.J., and Carlos Muñiz, director of a travel agency that books trips to Cuba. In a press release claiming responsibility for the killing of Muñiz,
Omega 7 declared that anyone who "travels to Cuba, regardless of his motives, is considered our enemy
we will be forced to judge them as we did Muñiz."7 For the first time since the Cuban revolution, there
had been serious movement toward normalizing relations with Cuba. The killings of Negrín and Muñiz, and
the discovery of bombs placed in the homes of at least twenty other Dialogue participants played a large role
in effectively derailing that movement.
The Fund for Americas Watch/Fund for Free Expression investigation of freedom of expression in
the Miami Cuban exile community had two components. The first was to document, through a series of
interviews and an examination of previously published material, incidents of intimidation of dissenting
viewpoints. Because many of these involve private actors, it was essential to proceed to the second step, an
examination of the role played by government authorities at the local, state and federal level. We found that
this role took three forms.
(1) Direct harassment of dissident viewpoints by the government itself. This is the case with
the Miami City Commission's longstanding campaign against the Cuban Museum of Arts and Culture, and
with the numerous unfounded investigations of Ramón Cernuda, the business leader who is closely
identified with Cuban human rights activists who favor a less belligerent U.S. policy toward Cuba. Some of
these incidents, like the Miami City Commission's effort to evict the Cuban Museum of Arts and Culture,
can be analyzed under international standards of freedom of expression, or, in U.S. law, in traditional First
Amendment terms.
(2) Government encouragement, primarily through
funding, of groups that have been closely identified with efforts to
restrict freedom of expression. The principal example of this is the U.S.
funding, through the National Endowment for Democracy, of groups
such as the Cuban American National Foundation. There has also been
similar funding by state and local governments in Florida.
(3) The response of government law enforcement agencies
to criminal acts that have been aimed at those whose viewpoints do not
coincide with those of the dominant intransigent forces. In some cases,
it is reported that police officers looked on and did nothing as violence or vandalism was taking place. In
others, those responsible for investigating violence against political or human rights activists seem to have
been more concerned with discrediting the activists than with apprehending those responsible. Finally, while
in the last few years there have been as many as a dozen bombings aimed at those who favor a more
moderate approach toward the Castro regime, none has resulted in a single arrest or prosecution.8
***
...those responsible for
investigating violence against
political or human rights
activists seem to have been
more concerned with
discrediting the activists than
with apprehending those
responsible.
http://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/U/US/US928.PDF