and most refineries are set up:
http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/news/ntn44964.htm<snip>When the price gap widened between sweet and sour crude, US refineries were better able than most to take advantage of the gap. Refineriesalong the Gulf Coast, which account for about half of the country's refinery capacity, are considered the most sophisticated in the world. Venezuela, which is a major producer of heavy sour oil, became partners in some of those refineries to ensure a market for its oil.
"We're probably in a better position than most to handle these heavy oils," said Joanne Shore, an analyst for the Energy Information Administration. In addition, California refineries have been upgraded to handle heavy sour crude, and most of those in the upper Midwest are also thought to be capable of handling heavy sour crude.
Another indication of the country's increasing use of lower-quality crude oil is that the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, which is meant to help the United States in case of a major disruption in oil supplies, is two-thirds sour crude and one-third sweet crude.
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I'll add my two cents worth if it's OK:
The real truth is, oligopoly behavior allows the companies to control price at the refining bottleneck, which, because gasoline is inelastic in its price behavior(that is, does not respond at the same rate in usage as price increases), they make far more by NOT expanding refining capacity. With the price maker-price taker paradigm for oligopolistic behavior, they have no worries about others stepping out of line.
In other words, even if we give the land away and take away all enviromental restrictions, no new refineries will be built. The industry make more by restriction than they could hope to add through expansion.