Another voice / Hurricane Katrina
Cuba provides lessons in disaster planning
By HENRY LOUIS TAYLOR JR.
9/19/2005
The devastation of Hurricane Katrina has made Americans aware of the importance of disaster planning and management. The storm revealed the inadequacy of strategies to effectively communicate with and evacuate low-income residents during a catastrophe. Americans would be well advised to study systems of disaster preparedness in countries such as Cuba that have developed successful models to mobilize low-income groups.
I was in Havana doing fieldwork for a book when Hurricane Dennis roared across the island in July. Although it weakened to a Category 2 before striking Havana, it nevertheless gave me the opportunity to witness Cuba's approach to disaster preparedness. Effective communication, cooperation and efficient evacuation were the most impressive things I observed. Early on the morning of July 8, to reassure residents, Fidel Castro and a team of experts appeared on television and broadcast throughout the day to discuss the storm and the preparations taking place to safeguard the Cuban people.
The government, however, could not simply rely on television and radio. To communicate with the many people who do not have televisions, radios or telephones, they utilized a "word of mouth" method of communication. The success of this approach was made possible by Cuba's elaborate system of neighborhood-based organizations that are trained to mobilize people, help evacuate them and to pass on information at the street level.
I found the system capable of accurately delivering information in a timely and efficient manner. Everyone seemed to know where to go, where to get materials and supplies, what time the hurricane would hit and even when the electricity would be disconnected (it is cut off to avoid any injuries from electrocution).
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