regarding what "shall issue" means.
there are 4 kinds of states as it relates to firearm licensing (especially as it relates to handguns and concealed carry permits: unrestricted, shall issue, may issue and no issue.
Unrestricted: that's exactly the way it sounds. If you want to buy a handgun, all you have to do is prove you are a resident of that state and of legal age (a driver's license will do) and you can buy a pistol, stick it in your belt at the small of your back and away you go.
Shall Issue: Shall issue states are ones that require that the sheriff issue a permit unless the applicant fails one, or more, clearly defined criteria. For example, in NC (a shall issue state), the sheriff can deny issuing you a pistol permit (or a concealed carry permit) if you have a DUI conviction. In NC, "shall issue" laws were passed to overcome some of the earlier weapons laws that date from the Jim Crow era. The applications used to require at least one person, of "good moral" character (read: white) to vouch for another's "good moral character" (again read: white). Exactly what was defined as "good moral character" varied from county to county so you had situations were a white guy, with a long list of criminal behavior, could get a pistol and a black man, with no criminal history and background, couldn't.
May-Issue: These states allow for sheriffs (or other issuing authorities) to deny the issuance of a weapons permit for purely subjective reasons (even if the applicant meets all the requirements).
No issue: This is exactly the way it sounds: the state will not issue a pistol permit (usually concealed carry) at all.
Here is a map that shows the various statuses:
"Shall issue" states cannot, capriciously, deny a pistol permit. If, as the above sheriff claims, these folks failed one or more of the hurdles placed in front of the applicant, then he is under no pressure to issue a permit. If, OTOH, they pass all the hurdles, he can't deny a permit for such nebulous reasons as "I don't like his looks" or "he lives in a high crime area".
A little bit of my experience with 2 of these situations:
I lived in NYS (a "may issue" state) for 30+ years and I took all the required classes, got fingerprinted, filled out the voluminous amounts of paperwork and submitted for a pistol permit (for target shooting...no concealed carry just the right to purchase a handgun and the ability to transport it to and from the firing range) and was, after 2 years of waiting, denied. No reason given, just a nice form letter stating that my application was denied. I called a few friends of mine (one of which was the son of a state judge) and found out that in my county the you could get a permit was to have some political pull within the county and/or have a job that required a handgun (security guard etc). I was advised to appeal the ruling and my buddies father would speak for me with the signing judge. 3 years later, after I had moved, my appeal came up on the docket. Needless to say, I didn't make the appearance. As to a concealed carry permit? good luck. a full concealed carry permit requires that you get a regular permit, then a limited concealed permit and then, finally, a full concealed permit.
I moved to NC (a "shall issue" state). I applied for a pistol purchase permit. $25, 1 form, an NCIC check and 5 days later I picked up my permit. My concealed carry permit is currently pending with the county: I passed the classroom component, proved my competency with a handgun, got fingerprinted (that took most of the day) and paid my fee. The state, so far, has requested:
My medical records (insurance company called to verify I asked for this)
My credit
My driving record
and, I assume, any criminal record(s) I might have (which is none).
If everything runs true to form, I should have my permit at about the 60 day (out of the 90 day maximum) mark.