Charles C. Haynes
We don't know exactly where the chief justice nominee John Roberts stands on the separation of church and state under the establishment clause of the First Amendment -- and his confirmation hearings haven't shed much light on the question.
But strong hints from past memos and briefs suggest that the nominee's views on church-state relations are very close to those of the man he is about to replace, the late Chief Justice William Rehnquist. By itself, that won't change much. But Roberts plus one -- the replacement for retiring Justice Sandra Day O'Connor -- could add up to a radical redefinition of religious freedom in the United States.
To win at the Supreme Court you must be able to count to five. In key 5-4 church-state rulings by the Court over the past two decades, O'Connor provided that critical swing vote. Although the outcome in some of those cases (notably school vouchers) angered strict separationists, her reasoning in all of them was rooted in a firm commitment to maintaining what Thomas Jefferson famously described as a "wall of separation between church and state." O'Connor drew the line at government endorsement of religion. And she consistently warned that any direct funding of religion by government was a serious violation of religious liberty. <snip>
"The 'wall of separation between church and state' is a metaphor based on bad history," <Rehnquist> wrote in 1985, "a metaphor which has proved useless as a guide to judging. It should be frankly and explicitly abandoned." <snip>
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