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WASHINGTON now has a favourite game: blaming East Asia for the economic ills of the United States. In the mid-1980s US ire focused on Japan and the newly industrialised countries (NICs), which were intensely pressured to revalue their currencies and open their economies to US trade and foreign direct investment. Now it is China's turn to face aggressive US trade diplomacy. The ostensible reason for this is the rising US trade deficit. But there is a deeper concern: China's new role as the engine of regional integration in East Asia, an unintended consequence of US mismanagement of the 1997-98 East Asian financial crisis.
On 18 July 2003 many voices in the US accused China of being the main culprit causing the chronic US trade deficit, rising unemployment and the destruction of textiles and electronics manufacturing industries. "US manufacturing industry has been getting killed," complained Senator Charles Schumer. "The Chinese yuan is being devalued artificially, causing a flood of lower- priced foreign goods that our companies can't compete against," concurred Senator Elisabeth Dole. "The Chinese cheat on their trade agreements . . . the Treasury needs to look into this and take appropriate action to ensure the Chinese aren't allowed to continue devaluing their currency to the detriment of our domestic industries," added Senator Lindsey Graham (1).
Testifying to Congress the day before, the Federal Reserve chairman, Alan Greenspan, had lent weight to these arguments, saying that China and other East Asian countries had undervalued currencies. He warned that their accumulation of large foreign currency holdings could not continue indefinitely (2).
The Senators officially asked the Treasury to pressure China to eliminate exchange controls and to float the yuan, which is pegged at 8.3 to the dollar. The furore died down in August, but in September Treasury Secretary John Snow, on a tour of Asia, again exhorted China to "let the market price the currency" - which seems curious behaviour by an administration in dire need of Chinese help to deal with North Korea and Asian regional security.
http://mondediplo.com/2003/10/08china