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a colorful track record of creating spectacular electoral train wrecks that take years, sometimes decades, to repair. How many times must we relearn that American's tolerance for change is limited to small, incremental steps? This is what it took to get Medicare launched:
"The groups who previously argued against national healthcare switched their focus from opposing the bill to creating new versions of it. As a result there were three prominent forms of the bill: John Byrne’s, the American Medical Association’s, and, of course, the Presidential administration's bill (known as Medicare). John Byrne was a Republican committee member who proposed that doctors' services and drugs would be financed; also, participation in government aid would be voluntary for the aged. If an elderly patient did need the help, his or her financing would be “scaled to the amounts of the participant’s Social Security cash benefits” and the financing would come from the government’s revenues. The AMA proposed Eldercare, which provided government financing for physician’s services, surgical charges, drugs, nursing home costs, x-ray and lab services. When brought back to the Ways and Means committee, these three bills were presented: John Byrnes, Eldercare, and Medicare. When deliberations began in 1965, both AMA members and their suggestions were rejected due to the AMA’s unruly conduct at meetings.
Deliberations became increasingly confusing. Wilbur Mills, the head of the Ways and Means committee, suggested combining Byrne’s ideas and Medicare. Mills took on the task of drafting the bill that ultimately became a law. In combining the two bills. John Byrne’s suggestion, which included lower taxes, had to be slightly altered as high-taxes were necessary for the program’s predicted high costs.
During March 1965, Wilbur Mills, with the help of many other people and groups, presented a draft of the bill to Congress. The bill went through more than five hundred changes between the Senate and the House. Finally, the bill passed with the majority vote in both the house (307-116) and the senate (70-24). It came about as two amendments to the Social Security Act. Title 18 became known as Medicare and Title 19 became known as Medicaid. Title 18 includes Part A, which provides hospital insurance to the aged, and Part B which provides supplemental medical insurance. Title 19 proclaims that at the states discretion, it can finance the healthcare for individuals who were at or close to the public assistance level.
On July 30, 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the bill making it Public Law 89-97. The signing took place in Independence, Missouri and was attended by Harry S. Truman. When LBJ signed the bill he “credited Truman for ‘planting the seeds of compassion and duty which have today flowered into care for the sick and serenity for the fearful’” Implementation of the amendments required extensive data processing and the re-configuration of hospital policies country wide.
The passage of the new healthcare program marked an important point in American history; it was the America’s first public health insurance program. Although the overall politics of Medicare and Medicaid were liberal, the help of both John Byrnes, a Republican, and the American Medical Association was essential in drafting what came to be known as the Social Security Amendments of 1965. Medicare and Medicaid were one of the few successful programs that lasted from Johnson’s vision of the Great Society."
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