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Look at all the mergers of banks, brokerages, asset management firms over the last 10 years or so. Each merger eliminated thousands of wall street type jobs.
See also the foreign banks buying out, or into the domestic banks. Globalization of these firms can mean 10 analysts worldwide where there were previously 30.
Now they will require research groups to be independent from trading and banking groups, so they will "spin off" the research groups which will then consolidate and you will again have 10 researchers where there used to be 30 that used to be 90. Before the massive increases in computerization around 1990, that would have been 200. And sometime back in ancient history, they would have had secretaries and assistants so make it 300.
Mergers = more productivity = fewer jobs
One Merger = more mergers to stay competitive = a wave of mergers = many fewer jobs.
Eventually it quiets down and people get comfortable, then they compete on some basis other than pure productivity until someone shows an advantage, others copy that advantage until at some point you can gain sufficient productivity by merging again - fewer copies of that advantage to maintain and we're back to the start of another wave of mergers.
I loved the recent scandals with the fleet and BoA merger. Both convicted of ripping off their customers in investment funds, both are corporations chartered by the government for the public good. So when they become convicted felons, do we cancel their charters and close them down? No, we give them a fine that barely covers legal fees and then let them merge to increase their profitability.
I guess the fact that they almost got away with it proves that they are "state of the art" (in finance that means they're barely legal - pushing to the line to squeeze out every possible buck the law will allow) and hence viable competitors on the world market so that the US needs them more than it needs justice or law-abiding companies.
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