thatcher reagan gold
Reagan and Thatcher, 1987 Poster colour, gouache and gold dust on paper. Rabindra KD Kaur Singh.
This satirical portrait was inspired by a traditional miniature painting,
Jahangir Embracing Shah Abbas of Persia. Although the overall composition
remains the same as the original, certain elements have been modified to create
a modern reinterpretation of the theme. For instance, the lamb and the lion seen
in the Mughal painting are replaced here with a mule and a vixen, chosen to
represent the personality of Reagan and Thatcher respectively. Likewise, the
golden halo seen surrounding the head of Jahangir as a symbol of his greatness
has been replaced by a mushroom cloud halo representing the threat of nuclear
war that looms, as long as the world leaders continue to be in favour of nuclear
arms. The vixen which crosses the Atlantic to join the mule represents the
pro-American policies of Britain. However, whilst Abul Hassan's work was painted
to honour and glorify Jahangir and the peace enjoyed during his rule, this
portrait, by contrast, mocks the political rulers of today. For the artist,
Thatcher and Reagan typify those political individuals who seek power purely
for their own financial gain and self glorification and whose personal
ambitions in supporting such policies as nuclear armament present a threat
to the world whose very interests they claim to have at heart.
http://www.twinstudio.supanet.com/bi2.htmThe Death of Bretton Woods
Bill Ward
The most lasting development at Bretton Woods (see The Birth of Bretton Woods) was the transfer of economic leadership from the British Empire to the emergent US empire. The Englishman John Maynard Keynes had come to Bretton Woods intending to retain the place of Britain and the Pound Sterling at the center of the world economy. From his perch as preeminent economist of the day, Lord Keynes looked down his long and imperious nose at Harry White and the upstart Americans and lectured them incessantly throughout the Conference. Meanwhile, Harry White had the power and dominance of the US economy on his side and used that power to dictate the terms of the new system.
At the end of the War, the US Treasury held two-thirds of the worlds monetary gold, making the US Dollar the leading candidate for serving as the new international reserve currency. Nominally, Dollars were backed by gold at $32 per ounce. I say nominally because, as the US trade deficit grew in the 1960s, the Bretton Woods system came to depend upon nobody actually asking for gold in exchange for Dollars.
One reason that both Britain and the US wanted the role of central currency is that the issuer of a reserve currency gets to run a trade deficit sufficient to provide the money other countries need for financing their own international trade and for funding their own Central Bank reserves. This confers what is called a seignorage privilege upon the reserve currency country. Bretton Woods allowed the US to be the first spender (for imports) of those Dollars that would go out and monetize the rest of the world. Those particular Dollars would not come back to the US demanding US goods, services, or investments in return.
But by the 1960s, US trade deficits were over-supplying the rest of the worlds need for these external Dollars. Fighting the Vietnam War while simultaneously implementing the Great Society programs led to a big US Government Budget deficit. And the budget deficit caused the trade deficit to expand. As a surfeit of Dollars flowed out of the US, a curious new market of Eurodollars emerged from a curious source
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http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:3sjzdR5h1MQJ:business.clemson.edu/CIT/Word%2520Documents/The%2520Death%2520of%2520Bretton%2520Woods.doc+Thatcher+gold+reagan&hl=enBush: Raising Keynes
By David Ignatius, Washington Post, August 26, 2001
"We are all Keynesians now," the conservative economist Milton Friedman once famously remarked.
We were all Keynesians -- then Steve H. Hanke, Forbes Global, 02.22.99
You would think that the economic booms brought on by Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan would have killed Keynesianism. They abandoned fiscal fine-tuning in favor of smaller government, less regulation and flatter taxes; for their efforts they got economic booms. And yet Keynesianism is not dead. It lives on in the moribund economy of Japan and the bankrupt policies the U.S. Treasury Department is foisting on that country. Like it or not, John Maynard Keynes will go down as one of the 20th century's most powerful economists. His 1936 classic, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, popularized fiscal fine-tuning -- the notion that more government spending, less taxation or some combination of the two will cause an economy to accelerate by a multiple of the stimulus. And that a fiscal contraction will slow things down. A touch on the fiscal tiller is supposedly all that is needed to adjust demand so that it just matches an economy's capacity to produce. It was a neat theory, and it captivated two generations of economists, especially those who rather liked the idea of a strong central government. Even Richard Nixon, who claimed not to be a fan of big government, was moved to say, "We are all Keynesians now."
http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=digest&contentId=A59814-2001Aug24