Various discussion threads have portrayed a continuing confusion regarding the facts of Social Security ... and OASI (Old Age and Survivors Insurance) in particular. Folks are trotting out all manner of falsehoods and misunderstandings about benefit levels and fairness.
So, I gathered some data and painted a couple of pictures. First of all, this depicts '
retired workers' only, not survivors, not spouses, not dependents, and not disabled. Retired workers.
In December 2003 (the latest available), 29,585,732 people received OASI benefits as retired workers. In other words, their benefits were attributable to their own working history, not that of a spouse or someone on whom they were dependent.
The following graph depicts the Lorenz distribution of those benefits. A Lorenz distribution merely graphs percentages of recipients against percentage of total benefits. If everyone received the same benefit amount, the graph would be a straight line at a 45 degree angle. I've calculated the Gini Ratio of that benefit distribution. This is useful for comparison purposes. We know that the Gini Ratio of Individual Income in the U.S. is between 0.50 and 0.55 - highly biased toward a small wealthy class and large working class. As we can see, the OASI benefit calculation is
progressive - showing a distribution of benefits far closer to uniform than the income that assumedly qualified the beneficiary.
For folks who like bar charts, here's a depiction of the relative number of retired workers (of each gender) receiving benefits at various levels. Remember, delayed retirement can increase one's monthly benefit by as much as 25-30%, and an early retirement at age 62 can decrease benefits commensurately. Also remember ... married people who both work tend to 'retire' at the same time. Since the female is typically younger than the male, her benefits will often be reduced due to early retirement (no earlier than age 62).
Discuss.