1. U.S. Supreme Court
BRANZBURG v. HAYES, 408 U.S. 665 (1972)
BRANZBURG v. HAYES ET AL., JUDGES
CERTIORARI TO THE COURT OF APPEALS OF KENTUCKY
Argued February 23, 1972
Decided June 29, 1972
<
http://www.thisnation.com/library/branzburg.html >
QUOTE:
Opinion of the Court by MR. JUSTICE WHITE, announced by THE CHIEF JUSTICE.
The issue in these cases is whether requiring newsmen to appear and testify before state or federal grand juries abridges the freedom of speech and press guaranteed by the First Amendment. We hold that it does not.
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2. TITLE 50 > CHAPTER 15 > SUBCHAPTER IV > § 421. Protection of identities of certain United States undercover intelligence officers, agents, informants, and sources
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(a) Disclosure of information by persons having or having had access to classified information that identifies covert agent
Whoever, having or having had authorized access to classified information that identifies a covert agent, intentionally discloses any information identifying such covert agent to any individual not authorized to receive classified information, knowing that the information disclosed so identifies such covert agent and that the United States is taking affirmative measures to conceal such covert agent’s intelligence relationship to the United States, shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.
(b) Disclosure of information by persons who learn identity of covert agents as result of having access to classified information
Whoever, as a result of having authorized access to classified information, learns the identify of a covert agent and intentionally discloses any information identifying such covert agent to any individual not authorized to receive classified information, knowing that the information disclosed so identifies such covert agent and that the United States is taking affirmative measures to conceal such covert agent’s intelligence relationship to the United States, shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.
(c) Disclosure of information by persons in course of pattern of activities intended to identify and expose covert agents
Whoever, in the course of a pattern of activities intended to identify and expose covert agents and with reason to believe that such activities would impair or impede the foreign intelligence activities of the United States, discloses any information that identifies an individual as a covert agent to any individual not authorized to receive classified information, knowing that the information disclosed so identifies such individual and that the United States is taking affirmative measures to conceal such individual’s classified intelligence relationship to the United States, shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both.
(d) Imposition of consecutive sentences
A term of imprisonment imposed under this section shall be consecutive to any other sentence of imprisonment.
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Judith Miller is protecting a person, or persons, that committed a felony by exposing Plame and her global WMD tracking network. The Supreme Court ruled in 1972 that journalists must appear and testify before state or federal grand juries when required, and that they are NOT protected by the principles of freedom of speech and press as guaranteed by the First Amendment.
America became a NeoCon Dictatorship in December 2000. They've lied about EVERYTHING
There are no absolute privileges against testifying. Not for the attorney-client privilege, not for the doctor patient privilege, not for the priest-penitent privilege. There is NO absolute privilege recognized in the law anywhere.
If a bunch of sitting republican appellate judge's having reviewed the secret information presented to them in Miller's appeal can't find a privilege, WHY on EARTH do you want to manufacture one for this beast?