http://foi.missouri.edu/iipa/nocnoc.html<snip>
Some Bush partisans have suggested that the outing of Plame is no big deal, that she was "just an analyst" or maybe, as a G.O.P. Congressman told CNN, "a glorified secretary." But the facts tell otherwise. Plame was, for starters, a former NOC — that is, a spy with nonofficial cover who worked overseas as a private individual with no apparent connection to the U.S. government. NOCs are among the government's most closely guarded secrets, because they often work for real or fictive private companies overseas and are set loose to spy solo. NOCs are harder to train, more expensive to place and can remain undercover longer than conventional spooks. They can also go places and see people whom those under official cover cannot. They are in some ways the most vulnerable of all clandestine officers, since they have no claim to diplomatic immunity if they get caught.
Plame worked as a spy internationally in more than one role. Fred Rustmann, a former CIA official who put in 24 years as a spymaster and was Plame's boss for a few years, says Plame worked under official cover in Europe in the early 1990s — say, as a U.S. embassy attache — before switching to nonofficial cover a few years later. Mostly Plame posed as a business analyst or a student in what Rustmann describes as a "nice European city." Plame was never a so-called deep-cover NOC, he said, meaning the agency did not create a complex cover story about her education, background, job, personal life and even hobbies and habits that would stand up to intense scrutiny by foreign governments. "
are on corporate rolls, and if anybody calls the corporation, the secretary says, 'Yeah, he works for us,'" says Rustmann. "The degree of backstopping to a NOC's cover is a very good indication of how deep that cover really is."
For decades, a varying number of NOCs (the exact figure is classified) have been installed abroad in big multinational corporations, small companies or bogus academic posts. The more genteel rules of traditional espionage do not apply to NOCs. When the Soviets caught a diplomat doing spy work during the cold war, they roughed him up a little and sent him home. Unmasked NOCs, on the other hand, have met with much harsher fates: CIA officer Hugh Redmond was caught in Shanghai in 1951 posing as an employee of a British import-export company and spent 19 years in a Chinese prison before dying there. In early 1995 the French rolled up five CIA officers, including a woman who had been working as a NOC under business cover for about five years. Although the NOC caught in Paris in 1995 was simply sent home, "it might not have been so easy in an Arab country," says a former CIA official familiar with the matter. " have no diplomatic status, so they can end up in slammers."
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Though Plame's cover is now blown, it probably began to unravel years ago when Wilson first asked her out. Rustmann describes Plame as an "exceptional officer" but says her ability to remain under cover was jeopardized by her marriage in 1998 to the higher-profile American diplomat. Plame all but came in from the cold last week, making her first public appearance, at a Washington lunch in honor of her husband, who was receiving an award for whistle blowing. The blown spy's one not-so-secret request? No photographs, please.
© 2003 Time Inc.
http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:BnKmWSGTX4MJ:www.jsmineset.com/+CIA+%2B+noc%27s&hl=en&client=firefox-a
Regarding Mr. Rove, Joseph Wilson and his wife Valerie Plame, it is critical to keep in mind that only three people in the USA outside of the CIA Director of Opts and the DDO have the legal right to know the name of a NOC (Non Official Cover Officer).
Even within the CIA ,the NOC's have code names when on active duty. Their private names are no where to be found in the Langley Noodle Factory. The stars on the wall at the entrance to Langley headquarters look directly at the words, "The Truth Will Set Us Free," representing those who died in the line of duty but carry no names.
Those three people with the legal right to know a NOC's name are the President, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State. This privilege is certainly not available to a political strategist or an administration Chief of Staff no matter how well positioned that individual is within the administration. This is why the defense is that he did not give the name of Valerie Plame because he didn't know it.
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The most protected and secret asset that the USA's intelligence service has is its NOC list. Therefore it is inconceivable that Carl Rove had access to the information that was transmitted to many reporters as they did not figure out Plame was a NOC on their own.