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In the early to mid twentieth century, farmers were among some of the most politically radical people in the country. They are *behaviorally* conservative, but very open to populist economic and political appeals.
George McGovern was from South Dakoka. Minnesota once had a Socialist governor, elected by an alliance of farmers and union activists. Tom Harkin keeps getting reelected. So does Russ Feingold. Paul Wellstone was popular among rural people in Minnesota. Even Oklahoma produced Senator Fred Harris in the 1960s-70s.
The Dems lost the farmers in three stages:
1) High interest rates imposed by the Federal Reserve during the Carter Administration, combined with low crop prices, forced farmers into bankruptcy. (For you city slickers, farmers borrow against the coming year's production to finance the purchase of seed, equipment, animal feed, etc.) This was not Carter's fault, since the president has no direct control over the Federal Reserve, but it provided an opening for the Republicanites in their campaign of blaming Carter for everything.
2) Farm foreclosures accelerated during the early years of the Reagan administration, and it would have been smart for the Dems, who had a majority in Congress at the time, to propose debt relief for rural folk who were squeezed by high interest rates and low crop prices. The loss of family farms also hastened the decline of small towns.
The farmers wanted to pay their debts and were desperate to hold on to land that had been in their families for a hundred years or more. If the Dems had come forward with a low-interest loan refinancing program, they would have had the undying loyalty of that generation of farmers.
3) Instead, the right wingers smelled blood and stepped in. Knowing that they had nothing to say to the farmers' economic woes, they instead played to and encouraged their more conservative behavioral views, as well as fomenting anti-Semitic, anti-UN conspiracy theories. Since the Dems of that era had mostly given up on economic populism (with a few shining exceptions) and seemed to be concentrating on liberal behavioral issues that were offensive to rural populations, this was a wily move on the part of the Republicanites.
In my alternative history of that era, the Democrats step forward with debt relief and economic development programs for rural areas. The right-wing demagogues make their pitch, but the farmers are too grateful, besides which they know that city people have different behavioral standards. So they stick with the Dems, Reagan's attempt to transform the country fails, because Congress refuses to enable it (unlike the traitors in the DLC), and a team of a Midwestern and a Southern populist (No, I don't know who) is elected in 1988.
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