http://www.uni.uiuc.edu/~dstone/dis_background.htmlBetween 1930 and 1973, Argentina suffered 30 military coups, with only a single president serving an entire term. In September 1975, the highest level of the military approved a coup that overthrew the established Peron government. During the next eight years, a military dictatorship characterized by government-based terrorism aimed primarily at students, young workers and intellectuals, was established. Censorship was rampant during this regime and all unions, political parties, and universities fell under military control. At this time, General Jorge Rafael Videla stated that in order to guarantee the security of the state, all the necessary people will die. Suspected activists, their friends, and relatives were often abducted from their homes in the middle of the night and moved to government detention centers in which they were tortured and eventually killed. These individuals who disappeared without a trace are referred to as the Disappeared. It is estimated that as many as 30,000 individuals disappeared over this time period. In March,1976, nine people disappeared for every two found murdered. People who protested these atrocities soon became one of the Disappeared or were murdered themselves.
Abducted women who were pregnant were kept captive in detention centers and military hospitals until the birth of their children, and then murdered shortly after delivery. Babies and young children of abducted individuals were also abducted, based on the assumption that subversives breed subversives. Abducted children were handed over to neighbors, given to orphanages or retained as war booty for childless couples who were part of the security forces. An estimated 220 children were abducted with their parents or born in captivity to abducted women.
On April 30, 1977, four mothers gathered at Plaza de Mayo to bring attention to their plight as they attempted to find their missing children. They were soon joined by the "Grandmothers," women who had given up hope of finding their own children, but believed that their grandchildren might have survived. In October, 1977, this group of women founded the Association of Abuelas (Grandmothers) of the Plaza de Mayo. In 1980, the Grandmothers found an article about identification by blood and asked several American scientists to help them create a grandparentage test.
At this time, political change and an accompanying shift in government mentality was occurring in Argentina. In July 1981, five political parties got together and created the Multipartidaria to negotiate the return to civilian power. On December 10 1983, Raul Alfonsn was inaugurated. He created the Argentine National Commission on the Disappeared to investigate the disappearances and provide information necessary to prosecute.