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The second most important part is 'seek refuge' from something distinctly life threatening. Rather different from asylum and migration; the first implies an official status, the second permanence and a broader range of possible motivations.
There are over 500k people from NOLA and adjacent areas who have fled, and sought refuge. They're not survivors: apart from traffic and travel, and maybe dirty bathrooms and bad food en route, the majority were exposed to no hazards. Some were evacuated; some merely left. Those that left on their own aren't really evacuees. So evacuee doesn't cover the entire group of "those that have fled for safety."
On the other hand, those that are still in NOLA are survivors, but not refugees. Nor evacuees. So the term 'survivor' doesn't suffice, because some survivors haven't fled.
'Citizen' is also too broad a term, and includes me, in Houston for the last month. And "American refugee" has entirely the wrong focus: why stipulate 'American' without a reason? If they were in Mexico, stipulating nationality would be important; within the US borders, it's merely redundant. Sort of like saying they're "American human citizen persons." And, in any event, I suspect that some of those that fled were not American citizens.
We may have become accustomed to only using a word to refer to non-Americans because we've had a shortfall in our lifetimes of refugees, but the word has a broader meaning, outside of international legalese.
The official term of art is 'internally displaced person', or IDP for short, which I consider to be completely depersonalizing. But that's because they defined the term 'refugee' to entail 'international refugee', in an odd warping of English. But 'refugee', even for international law, doesn't entail any particular range of skin tones.
For now, for me, they're refugees: 'evacuee' fails to include many; 'survivor' is ill-placed in most cases and covers some who have not fled; 'citizen' is overstating the facts, as is 'American'.
Unless you prefer IDP.
You may wish to regard this as part of the wonderful dialectal diversity that English has prided itself on over the years. You may go with Chomsky, and other linguists, who believe that lexis, as grammar, is that which is held in common by an idealized community of speakers, and, per Saussure and others, results from a constant process of negotiation among speakers of a given language.
Or you may prefer how France and Spain do it, where the words used by newspapers and the media must be approved by a learned council, so that it doesn't matter what the speakers say, language is not a democracy: the language is that which a small number of scholars, appointed by politicians, say it is.
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