History of the Pledge of Allegiance Holds a Lot More Than `Under God' By Nancy Haught
Religion News Service -After recent court cases, many Americans know that the phrase "under God" was added to "The Pledge of Allegiance" in the 1950s. But do you know who wrote the Pledge, when and -- perhaps more important -- why?
Richard J. Ellis didn't. So the politics professor at Willamette University in Salem, Ore., decided to research it, and the result is "To the Flag: The Unlikely History of the Pledge of Allegiance," published in April. Here are some of the surprising things he learned:
"The Pledge of Allegiance" is 113 years old. It was written in 1892, to celebrate Columbus' discovery of America and the country's public school system.
It was written by Francis Bellamy. He and James B. Upham worked for Youth's Companion, a Boston-based nationally circulated magazine. Their descendants have argued about who wrote the Pledge, but Ellis believes the evidence clearly shows it was Bellamy, a former Baptist minister with an interest in Christian socialism. Upham came up with the original Pledge salute.
The original salute began with a military gesture, the right hand, palm down, raised to the right eyebrow. Then, at the words, "to my flag," the right hand was raised skyward, with the palm up. Over time, people didn't turn their palms up and, by the 1940s, the gesture looked a lot like a Nazi salute. Congress changed it in 1942.
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http://www.bennyhinn.org/yourlife/InTheNews-One-Nation-Under-God/History-of-the-Pledge-of-Allegiance-Holds.htmlother versions of this history:
http://history.vineyard.net/pledge.htm
In 1954, Congress after a campaign by the Knights of Columbus, added the words, 'under God,' to the Pledge. The Pledge was now both a patriotic oath and a public prayer.
Bellamy's granddaughter said he also would have resented this second change. He had been pressured into leaving his church in 1891 because of his socialist sermons
http://www.homeofheroes.com/hallofheroes/1st_floor/flag/1bfc_pledge.htmlhttp://www.legion.org/?section=our_flag&subsection=flag_history&content=flag_historyhttp://slate.msn.com/?id=2067499
the original Pledge of Allegiance—meant as an expression of patriotism, not religious faith—also made no mention of God. The pledge was written in 1892 by the socialist Francis Bellamy, a cousin of the famous radical writer Edward Bellamy. He devised it for the popular magazine Youth's Companion on the occasion of the nation's first celebration of Columbus Day. Its wording omitted reference not only to God but also, interestingly, to the United States:
"I pledge allegiance to my flag and the republic for which it stands, one nation indivisible, with liberty and justice for all."