There was a story in the May 2003 issue of Discovery magazine about an American company that says they are perfecting a process to turn garbage into oil. It is supposed to be similar to the way oil is produced naturally. Here is how Discover discribed the process:
<snip>
Making oil and gas from hydrocarbon-based waste is a trick that Earth mastered long ago. Most crude oil comes from one-celled plants and animals that die, settle to ocean floors, decompose, and are mashed by sliding tectonic plates, a process geologists call subduction. Under pressure and heat, the dead creatures' long chains of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon-bearing molecules, known as polymers, decompose into short-chain petroleum hydrocarbons. However, Earth takes its own sweet time doing this—generally thousands or millions of years—because subterranean heat and pressure changes are chaotic. Thermal depolymerization machines turbocharge the process by precisely raising heat and pressure to levels that break the feedstock's long molecular bonds.
Many scientists have tried to convert organic solids to liquid fuel using waste products before, but their efforts have been notoriously inefficient. "The problem with most of these methods was that they tried to do the transformation in one step—superheat the material to drive off the water and simultaneously break down the molecules," says Appel. That leads to profligate energy use and makes it possible for hazardous substances to pollute the finished product. Very wet waste—and much of the world's waste is wet—is particularly difficult to process efficiently because driving off the water requires so much energy. Usually, the Btu content in the resulting oil or gas barely exceeds the amount needed to make the stuff.
<snip>
"The chief difference in our process is that we make water a friend rather than an enemy," he says. "The other processes all tried to drive out water. We drive it in, inside this tank, with heat and pressure. We super-hydrate the material." Thus temperatures and pressures need only be modest, because water helps to convey heat into the feedstock. "We're talking about temperatures of 500 degrees Fahrenheit and pressures of about 600 pounds for most organic material—not at all extreme or energy intensive. And the cooking times are pretty short, usually about 15 minutes."
Link to Discover story:
http://www.discover.com/search/index.htmlInteresting, but not why I bring it up here. Later in the article, I found this:
<snip>
Referring to U.S. dependence on oil from the volatile Middle East,
R. James Woolsey, former CIA director and an adviser to Changing World Technologies, says, "This technology offers a beginning of a way away from this."
<snip>
R. James Woosey is the "Military Advisor" to Changing World Technologies, the company that holds the patents and opened a demonstration plant in 1999.
I'm going to see what I can find out about ownership and management at STMicroelectronics, the company in the CNN article. Here is a link to their website:
http://www.st.com/Edit to add, Woolsey is a big ole PNAC'er too.
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