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Rush Limbaugh started out in radio as a teenager in the late 1960s in his home town of Cape Girardeau, Missouri, using the name Rusty Limbaugh. His father, a conservative judge whose wealth and power gave him considerable influence in Southeastern Missouri, had once owned the radio station where Limbaugh started his career. Limbaugh achieved his first taste of radio success in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , as host of a Top 40 music radio show on station KQV, using the name "Jeff Christie". It was in Pittsburgh that many of Limbaugh's trademarks developed, including a character named "Snerdley" and his claim to use a "golden microphone". After several years in music radio, Limbaugh accepted a position as director of promotions with the Kansas City Royals baseball team. In 1988, Limbaugh returned to radio as a talk show host in Sacramento, California, California. After achieving some local success, he moved to New York City in the early 1990s and eventually became syndicated via a company called Premiere Broadcasting. Limbaugh refers on-air to the "Excellence In Broadcasting Network", or "E-I-B", however there is no such actual organization. He has a dynamic voice and dramatic presentation. His harshest critics can see that he is an excellent broadcaster. He attracted widespread support in 1998 when he complained that some radio stations were shortening his programs by cutting out the dramatic pauses to make room for more commercials. In September 2001, Limbaugh denied suggestions that his voice and diction seemed to have changed. However, in October of 2001, he admitted that the changes in his sound were due to an almost total hearing loss. In December 2001, Limbaugh underwent cochlear implant surgery, which restored a measure of hearing in one ear. Limbaugh was the 1992, 1995, and 2000 recipient of the Marconi Radio Award for Syndicated Radio Personality of the Year, given by the National Association of Broadcasters. He was inducted into Broadcasting's Hall of Fame in 1993.
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