Framing the issues: UC Berkeley professor George Lakoff tells how
conservatives use language to dominate politics
http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2003/10/27_lakoff.shtmlBERKELEY – With Republicans controlling the Senate, the House, and
the White House and enjoying a large margin of victory for California
Governor-elect Arnold Schwarzenegger, it's clear that the Democratic
Party is in crisis. George Lakoff, a UC Berkeley professor of
linguistics and cognitive science, thinks he knows why. Conservatives
have spent decades defining their ideas, carefully choosing the
language with which to present them, and building an infrastructure
to communicate them, says Lakoff.
The work has paid off: by dictating the terms of national debate,
conservatives have put progressives firmly on the defensive.
-snip-
In a long conversation over coffee at the Free Speech Movement Café,
he told the NewsCenter's Bonnie Azab Powell why the Democrats "just
don't get it," why Schwarzenegger won the recall election, and why
conservatives will continue to define the issues up for debate for
the foreseeable future.
-snip-
The background for Rockridge is that conservatives, especially
conservative think tanks, have framed virtually every issue from
their perspective. They have put a huge amount of money into creating
the language for their worldview and getting it out there.
Progressives have done virtually nothing..... Liberals don't get it. They don't understand what it is they have to be doing.
-snip-
How does language influence the terms of political debate?
Language always comes with what is called "framing." Every word is
defined relative to a conceptual framework. If you have something
like "revolt," that implies a population that is being ruled
unfairly, or assumes it is being ruled unfairly, and that they are
throwing off their rulers, which would be considered a good thing.
That's a frame.
-snip-
If you then add the word "voter" in front of "revolt," you get a
metaphorical meaning saying that the voters are the oppressed people,
the governor is the oppressive ruler, that they have ousted him and
this is a good thing and all things are good now. All of that comes
up when you see a headline like "voter revolt" — something that most
people read and never notice. But these things can be affected by
reporters and very often, by the campaign people themselves.