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And even without significant weakness, job creation is unlikely to be strong. Bush may have the benefit of a better economy at election time, but it may continue to be a jobless recovery.
The economy definitely is in recovery but it is important to remember that we are in the ninth quarter of this recovery with only the last two quarters and the current quarter showing anything but extremely sluggish growth. Republicans do not like to admit that this is the ninth quarter of this economic expansion, but it is a fact.
The improvement in the economy in the last two quarters and the current quarter has been the result of incredible government stimulus of a size and scope never seen before. That stimulus includes near record low short term interest rates set by the Fed, longer term interest rates heavily influenced by the Fed at or near 40 or 50 year lows, a huge increase in the money supply since the first of the year, record deficit spending by the federal government this year and next, a substantial decline in the dollar, and the Bush tax cuts.
It is almost impossible to describe how huge the size and scope of all of this stimulus actually is. In the past, any two or three of these items of stimulus would have had a appreciable impact on the economy. This time it took all of it to have two quarters of decent economic growth. And all of this stimulus comes at a price to be paid later.
None of this stimulus can be repeated and most can not be sustained for too many more months, especially the low interest rates and the declining dollar. Bush is hoping that it will last long enough for him to win in 2004, and it might. But the economy also could slow early next year to trend growth of around 3.5% which is unlikely to lead to strong job growth. Trend growth also would probably cause the market to decline significantly.
However, even if economic growth remains above 4% next year, job growth is facing several headwinds. These include increasing productivity, globalization, foreign outsourcing, merger and acquisition activity, and the excess capacity which still exists with a lack of pent up demand to drive the creation of additional capacity. There are also a significant number of part time workers who will work increased hours. Add to these factors the fact that since the 1920's, republican presidents always have been bad for job creation.
Since the depression, not a single republican president has had a better rate of job creation than any democratic president. The highest rate of job growth under a republican was 2.2% per year during Nixon's time in office. The lowest rate of job growth under a democrat was 2.3% per year during Kennedy's time in office.
Since WWII ended, a total of 57.51 million jobs were created during the terms of democratic presidents which is an average of 2.054 million jobs per year. During the terms of republican presidents a total of 31.11 million jobs were created which is an average of 1.003 million jobs per year. One million new jobs per year does not match the annual growth in the labor market. Thus, if next year's job growth matches the republican average, the unemployment rate will go up.
One other factor relating to unemployment is that discouraged workers will be returning to the labor market as economic growth continues. This will prevent the unemployment rate from declining as much as it otherwise would due to whatever job creation which occurs. The unemployment rate including discouraged workers and part time workers seeking full time work in September 2003 was 9.3%. This does not include under employed workers.
As for the fact that employment is a lagging indicator, remember that we are now in the ninth quarter, soon to enter the tenth, of this recovery. Employment has indeed lagged but it does not lag forever. We may very well be near a peak in job creation within the next few months.
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