Golf course design has come a very long way. In my area of Illinois many of the courses use on site water treatment plants to recycle not only their watse water but that of the surrounding communities as well for irrigation and a natural fertilizer.
In urban and surbab areas the choice is ofter a golf course vs. a subdivision, strip mall or office park with all there attendant water run off problems. They use many more natural resources than a golf course (oil for acres of asphalt parking lots and streets for instance.) Being on the plan commission in my suburban community, i'll take the open space any time.
I enjoy golf quite a bit, hate the country club scene and play on municipal courses. I play in a twilight leage hat is populated with teachers, carpenters, plumbers, real estate agents, retirees as well as some professionals and executives. On the course and after, we are all equals. It's nice to see plumber whip a corporate accountant and they both go in and toast each other.
Anyway, I found the following article which I found quite interesting:
Considering Wildlife in Golf Course Management
W-15-04
Melissa J. Santiago and Amanda D. Rodewald, Ph.D.
School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University
Golf Courses as Wildlife Habitat
Public open spaces or greenspaces (parks, cemeteries, and golf courses) account for millions of acres of land in the United States. As urbanization spreads, these greenspaces have the potential to accommodate the needs of both people and wildlife. Golf courses and other public open spaces can be developed and managed to have a significant positive impact on the quality of habitat for sensitive and desirable wildlife species (Mankin, 2000), as well as enhancing the recreational, educational, and aesthetic aspects of these golf courses.
In the United States, there are approximately 15,000 golf courses, accounting for an estimated 4 million acres. Seventy percent of that area is considered rough or out-of-play, and has the potential for creating significant wildlife benefits (Tilly, 2000). More golf courses are created each year, with a typical golf course comprising 54 hectares of land (Terman, 1997). Recently, golf courses have played an important role in the conservation efforts for the Eastern bluebird, tree swallow, purple martin, red-cockaded woodpecker, and even osprey (Tilly, 2000). Golf courses may also provide suitable nesting sites for the declining red-headed woodpecker.
Photo copyright 1994 Expert Software, Inc.
Golf courses can be beneficial to the public and wildlife in many ways. Courses are sometimes built in areas in need of improvement, and the development of a golf course remains a positive option for the reclamation of landfills. The Phoenix Golf Links was the first course in Ohio to be developed on a landfill through a project with the Solid Waste Authority of Central Ohio (SWACO, 2000). Furthermore, plants on golf courses absorb carbon dioxide, release oxygen, and filter pollutants from runoff. Golf courses can also support America’s endangered wetlands. With support from the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP) and the Maryland Duck Stamp Fund, Rum Point Seaside Golf Links in Maryland turned adjacent old farmland into a complex of wetlands, offering habitat to many species of wildlife (Ceikot, 2000).
A significant trend in golf course management is to create more naturalistic landscapes. Not only are these areas beneficial to wildlife, but they are also often very cost-effective in the long-run. Once established, naturalistic golf courses can be maintained with far less effort than conventional golf courses, requiring smaller quantities of pesticides, herbicides, and water. more--->
http://ohioline.osu.edu/w-fact/0015.html