since they are found mostly in rural areas or cities that have a strong traditional atmosphere, like Kyoto or Kanazawa. I love them, though. On some occasions, I've been invited into the family's private quarters to have tea with them, and unlike a ryokan, everyone has dinner together, so you meet interesting people from all over Japan.
As for cheap ryokan, yes, they exist, but since the Japanese themselves think of ryokan as luxurious and prefer to stay in business hotels when they're traveling on a low budget, those that still exist cater mostly to foreign budget travelers. (However, one that I stayed at in Nagoya also served as a boarding house for single workers.) I've stayed in a couple of them, and they're fine, but they're not the REAL ryokan experience, which includes having a maid on call for every one or two rooms and gourmet meals served in your room.
The foreign-tourist-oriented ryokan usually do not include meals in the price of the room. You may get a futon on a tatami mat, but that's it for the traditional aspects.
The inn that I've stayed at in Tokyo is called the Shigetsu Ryokan, and you can't beat its location: literally next door to the Asakusa Kannon Temple (Sensoji). It has both Japanese and Western rooms. If you want to believe that you're really in Tokyo and not in Los Angeles, stay in the northeastern part of the central city, not in Shinjuku or Shibuya.
Here are some websites for inexpensive, tourist-oriented ryokan.
http://www.jpinn.comhttp://www.japaneseguesthouses.comAccording to the websites, the Shigetsu would be 15,000 yen for two.
Otherwise, there's a chain of business hotels called the Toyoko Inns, which are Western-style, as basic as a dorm room, but perfectly clean and safe. I stayed in one called the Toyoko Inn Otsuka-eki Kitaguchi ("Otsuka Station North Entrance"), located in a normal neighborhood. There was a broadband Internet outlet in the room, a washer-dryer available for customer use, and coffee and rolls in the lobby in the morning. A double is about 8700 yen, including tax.
http://www.toyoko-inn.com/eng/I've also spent time in two facilities of the Tokyu Stay chain of apartment hotels. These have kitchenettes, Internet connections, and washer-dryers in the rooms. Depending on which hotel you stay at and how long you stay (discounts for longer stays), they run about $100-120 a night for a double.
http://www.tokyustay.co.jp/e/index_flash.htmlNote that if you're looking for hotels, "Kanto" refers to the Tokyo-Yokohama area, and "Kansai" or "Kinki" refers to the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe area.
Have fun planning!