Cold hard facts to deal with

[uppityperson]

Liquid water freezes at 32 degrees fahrenheit to get into its solid crystalline form of ice. Ice is hard and stays frozen as long as it is under 32 degrees. That is, pure H2O ice without additives. usually.

Edited to add: does anyone have a response?

[Sandpiper]

1. Water freezes at ZERO degrees Celcius/Centigrade

So there!!

[uppityperson]

5. I can't argue with this guy.

I gave you a fact and you gave me another fact and they are both facts that are factual and I can't argue with you.

[mermaid]

9. Fuck You, Water Freezes at 273 Kelvin. So Up Yours! :-) n/t

[uppityperson]

14. Kelvin voted no and Fahrenhite voted yes.

So there you are. See.

[immoderate]

36. Forgot about sea level, did'ja?

--IMM

[WindRavenX]

2. Additives...

...can either lower or raise a freezing point. That's the logic behind anti-freeze.

[uppityperson]

39. Ethanol is a good additive, be careful at minus temps though.

Can freeze the skin inside your throat.

[Salviati]

3. These temperatures, of course, are only valid at 1 atm of pressure

[Canadian Socialist]

13. I was just going to add that

water also boils at a different temp at different altitudes.

[benburch]

4. Freepers, though made of mostly water...

Don't freeze solid in the chest freezer until about 28 degrees.

[uppityperson]

6. You can either call my family "freeper nonsense"

or we can have an intelligent discussion.

[tridim]

7. Colder hard facts..

[mermaid]

8. Only At Sea Level

freezes at lower temperatures in higher altitudes. Likewise, it boils at a lower temp than 212 up in the mountains.

Similarly, at BELOW sea level...and yes, there are places below sea level...significant parts of Amsterdam, for example, are below sea level...water freezes at a slightly higher temperature there, due to atmospheric pressure.

Similarly, I can make water boil in a paper cup...at room temperature.

All I gotta do is put the cup in a Torr ??converter?? and slowly begin to lower the air pressure. at about 18 Torr, the water will start to boil. At room temperature!

[uppityperson]

11. Also explains those weird cooking directions

How to cook food in the mile high city of Denver since boiling temp is different also. I was disapointed 1st time I saw Denver as a child, thought it'd be up in the sky on a mile high plateau. Does sea level mean low tide, high tide or medium tide? Though 1-30 ft probably doesn't make a difference except to virgos such as I am.

[mermaid]

16. Well

that depends on your particular frame of reference. Tides have nothing to do with it.

What is accepted as Sea Level provides for 14 p.s.i. of atmospheric pressure. That means the atmosphere is pressing down on you with the weight of 14 pounds per square inch.

Therefore, anything higher than that, in terms of altitude, atmospheric pressure decreases, and water boils at a lower temp, freezes at a higher temp. Anything lower than that, in terms of altitude, and your atmospheric pressure increases, and water boils at a higher temp, freezes at a lower temp.

Theoretically, yes, there is a point at which they converge, and boiling water will also freeze at the same time. But it takes close to zero Torr for that to happen.

It can be reproduced in a Torr converter.

[uppityperson]

20. Saw a film of way cold in AK, tossed a cup of boiling water into the air

it froze before it hit the ground. It went directly from hot liquid to puff-frozen which was neat. Ablation of ice on a rapidly moving car's windshield seems to go from solid to vapor with no liquid phase. Rambling thoughts here.

So you'd have to have really low atmospheric pressure to be at boiling/freezing? I supposer Torr converters are expensive scientific instruments. I did a image search for one and couldn't find any.

[mermaid]

23. Torr Converter

not sure if that is the actual scientific name for them or not. But my high-school science lab had one.

[mermaid]

25. Here Ya Go

According to the chart below, 1 atmosphere is 760 Torr. My observations were that water boiled at room temperature when you got down to 18 Torr.

Basically, what I'm calling a Torr Converter...and, again, I'm not sure of the scientific name for the device...is a device that creates vacuums.

Unit Equivalent measurements, comments

Pounds per square inch
(psi, PSI, lb/in2, lb/sq in) Commonly used in the U.S., but not elsewhere. Normal atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psi, which means that a column of air one square inch in area rising from the Earth's atmosphere to space weighs 14.7 pounds.

Atmosphere
(atm) Normal atmospheric pressure is defined as 1 atmosphere. 1 atm = 14.6956 psi = 760 torr.

Torr
(torr) Based on the original Torricelli barometer design, one atmosphere of pressure will force the column of mercury (Hg) in a mercury barometer to a height of 760 millimeters. A pressure that causes the Hg column to rise 1 millimeter is called a torr (you may still see the term 1 mm Hg used; this has been replaced by the torr). 1 atm = 760 torr = 14.7 psi.

Bar
(bar) The bar nearly identical to the atmosphere unit. One bar = 750.062 torr = 0.9869 atm = 100,000 Pa.

Millibar
(mb or mbar) There are 1,000 millibar in one bar. This unit is used by meteorologists who find it easier to refer to atmospheric pressures without using decimals. One millibar = 0.001 bar = 0.750 torr = 100 Pa.

Pascal
(Pa) 1 pascal = a force of 1 Newton per square meter (1 Newton = the force required to accelerate 1 kilogram one meter per second per second = 1 kg.m/s2; this is actually quite logical for physicists and engineers, honest). 1 pascal = 10 dyne/cm2 = 0.01 mbar. 1 atm = 101,325 Pascals = 760 mm Hg = 760 torr = 14.7 psi.

Kilopascal
(kPa) The prefix "kilo" means "1,000", so one kilopascal = 1,000 Pa. Therefore, 101.325 kPa = 1 atm = 760 torr and 100 kPa = 1 bar = 750 torr.

Megapascal
(MPa) The prefix "mega" means "1,000,000", so one megapascal = 1,000 kPa = 1,000,000 Pa. Such high pressures are rarely encounterd.

Gigapascal
(GPa) The prefix "giga" means "1,000,000,000", so one gigapascal = 1,000 MPa = 1,000,000 kPa = 1,000,000,000 Pa = 9,870 atm = 10,000 bar. Pressures of several gigapascals can convert graphite to diamond or make hydrogen a metallic conductor!

[mermaid]

29. OK, Have Done A Bit Of Research...I Think It Is Called A Vacuum Chamber

at any rate, my high school science lab had one, and it was there that I boiled room temperature water.

It was also there I found out flies cannot fly with low atmpospheric pressure, LOL

[uppityperson]

31. Sounds like a reverse pressure cooker. simplified. n/t

[mermaid]

32. In A Way, Yes.

Understand, WE were using it for various lab experiments...and playing around with when the teacher was looking the other way...which is how I discovered that flies cannot fly when the atmospheric pressure gets too low. They will drop to the ground in mid-flight! LOL

But, in all sincerity, these are not toys, not things the average layperson could get hold of easily (they are quite expensive) or would even want...because there would not be much practical application for them.

What we are talking about here is a piece of scientific equipment, which does have it's uses in science, physics, mechanics, engineering, etc.

When you can vegetables at home in a Mason Jar...you are doing something that could be done with a Vacuum chamber...but for household use, the Mason Jar is simpler and cheaper...and just as effective.

You need to boil the contents of the jar...the reason being is that the STEAM then replaces the air that was left in the jar.

Then, on with your lid and clamp. When the contents cool off, the steam goes away...and there is no AIR coming in to replace the steam that was taking up the space, and so, the top of the jar "sucks in"...viola!! A vacuum seal! The top of the jar is not actually sucking in, though...what you are witnessing is the air pressure outside the jar is pressing down on the lid...keeping it in place...and the seal is such that air cannot get through it, and so the unequal pressure keeps your top in pace, and you can lose the clamp at that point, once the seal is established.

and it is why you hear a "pop" when you open a jar that has been vacuum sealed. the "pop" is air getting to where it could not get to before...and the pressure equals out, and then you can open the jar.

[uppityperson]

10. This is cold and hard too, even at room temperature

[Debi]

12. Even when they warm it

it's still cold and hard...and that's a fact!

[Canadian Socialist]

15. My GP

uses a plastic one that she warms up under water. I love her. In a straight, doctor-patient way I mean. She also has a poster on the ceiling saying, "I have to go through this too. Quit bitching".

[mermaid]

17. Oh, Christ, Don't EVEN Go There-I Gotta Go For My Girlie Exams Soon Enuff!

n/t

[benburch]

38. Some of us use those as sex toys...

:evilgrin:

[Worst Username Ever]

18. It was originally intended that Fahrenheit

would measure the human body at 100 degrees even. The coldest substance at that time, a saline solution, was meant to be at 0 degrees. Well the measurement of the human body was off the mark (and it varies from person to person), and water was determined to freeze at 32, etc. If Fahrenheit were proposed to the scientific community today, it would be laughed out of town.

[Debi]

19. Science Town?

Is that were they filmed Real Genius?

[Worst Username Ever]

21. Funky Town, actually.

[Debi]

26. Won't you take me to....ARRRGGGHHHH EARWORM!!!

:grr:

[mermaid]

22. Conversion From Fahrenheit To Celcius...and Kelvin

Fahrenheit minus 32 divided by 1.8 equals Celsius.
Celsius times 1.8 plus 32 equals Fahrenheit

Celcius plus 273 equals Kelvin
Kelvin minus 273 degrees equals Celsius

Kelvin minus 273, multiplied by 1.8 plus 32 equals Fahrenheit
Fahrenheit minus 32 times 1.8 plus 273 equals Kelvin.

[Dave Reynolds]

24. I need a link,

and not to a right-wing source, please...

:silly:

[uppityperson]

27. You don't trust me? Here you go, good enough for you?

http://www.GOPUSA.hardandcold.com/statistics

[Dave Reynolds]

33. I LOVE that site,

unbiased with no factual distortion at all....

Just ask Rush, he'll tell ya...

[uppityperson]

34. Don't forget the ever popular site:

http://GOOPUSA/partialcoldtemperatures/truehardfacts.com

[Lady Effingbroke]

28. An easy formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius (and vicey versa)

5(F) = 9(C) + 160

[mermaid]

30. Yep. That Works

and what is 32 times 5, gang?? 160. So the same answer I gave. Except she gave you a neat formula, whereas I spelled mine out. Same computations to arrive at the same answer.

At any rate, it works. and that is how you convert Celsius to Fahrenheit or vice versa.

Incidentally, -40 Fahrenheit is also -40 Celsius!!! That is the point of convergence.

[Lone_Wolf_Moderate]

35. Nay. Thou hast settled the matter.

[Redstone]

37. Actually, water can be below 32 and still liquid,

without additives, pressure change, or anything else.

It just has to be very, very still. when it's in that state, the slightest disturbance will cause it to freeze almost instantly (not into a solid block of ice, but the skin develops right quick).

There are folk tales about entire ponds freezing like that when a rock is thrown into them, but I'm not sure any of them are true. I did it myself with puddles when I was a kid, though, so it really does happen.

Redstone