I was reminded of it in a thread in GD. I typed out this long post trying to include as much information about the show while being as brief as possible but when I hit the post button, the thread was locked! Anyways I didn't feel like my post going to waste and thinking that it was interesting I decided to share here.
Are eyes are often fooled without realizing it. It is the "secret" of magic. You're so focused on what the magician wants you to focus on that you miss the actual trick. (Something I learned before the episode from someone who could do some real impressive tricks which he says are not real magic. He can do things like make someone's card appear in a coke bottle with someone that is holding it in a crowd full of people).
I recall Dateline talked about this last Friday in fact. While he was playing with a model of a brain on camera and talking about what is going on the episode. When he replays that very same scene, he changed suits and background and I didn't even realize it probably because I was focused on the brain model.
He also explained on a case where someone was exonorated by DNA who was locked up because the accuser swears it was the guy. It turns out the other guy had very similar eyes so you could understand the mistake. To illustrate this, they had people show up to some business. While there, the customers handed the piece of paper to the clerk who would step down and someone else who looked similar would step and give back the piece of paper and continue the conversation like nothing happened. I only recall 1 out of 10 or so noticed and even in one routine they used a much older woman with different hair color to stand up and the customer did not even think anything of it.
After that they showed different types of people asking for directions on a busy sidewalk. During the process of giving directions, the NBC crew when come between the two people with a billboard and someone else would appear and the person giving directions did not notice the majority of the time. Even when they switched with female and male or someone that was noticeably taller than the person originally asking for directions.
They also did this with speed dating and about half were fooled when their dates were switched during the date. The used the excuse to answer a call and someone else would show up at the table.
It was really eye opening and scary when it comes to things like being a witness in a trial. The explanation I remember for this is expectations. The reason why the brain and eyes were fooled in those situations is they did not expect at all for someone else completely to pop up with a different form or that you don't expect the person you giving instructions too, to suddenly talking to someone else entirely about the same thing.
Found like to what I was talking about:
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/38154937/ns/dateline_nbc-the_hansen_files_with_chris_hansen/