http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-01-19-exitpolls_x.htm Firms report flaws that threw off exit polls
By Mark Memmott, USA TODAY
The exit polls of voters on Election Day so overstated Sen. John Kerry's support that, going back to 1988, they rank as the most inaccurate in a presidential election, the firms that did the work concede.
One reason the surveys were skewed, they say, was because Kerry's supporters were more willing to participate than Bush's. Also, the people they hired to quiz voters were on average too young and too inexperienced and needed more training.
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Among the findings:
•They hired too many relatively young adults to conduct the interviews. Half of the 1,400 interviewers were younger than 35. That may explain in part why Kerry voters were more inclined to participate, since he drew more of the youth vote than did Bush. But Mitofsky and Lenski also found younger interviewers were more likely to make mistakes.
•Early results were skewed by a "programming error" that led to including too many female voters. Kerry outpolled Bush among women.
•Some local officials prevented interviewers from getting close to voters.
For future exit polls, Lenski and Mitofsky recommended hiring more experienced polltakers and giving them better training, and working with election officials to ensure access to polling places.
Many other news media, including USA TODAY, also paid to get some of the data.