The improvement in the economy so far has been the result of incredible government stimulus of a size and scope never seen before. That stimulus includes near record low short term interest rates set by the Fed, longer term interest rates at or near 40 or 50 year lows influenced by the Fed, a huge increase in the money supply of well over $400 billion since the first of the year, record deficit spending by the federal government this year and next, a decline in the dollar of around 20%, and the Bush tax cuts. None of this stimulus can be repeated and most can not be sustained for too many more months, especially the low interest rates. Bush is hoping that it will last long enough for him to win in 2004, and it might.
Even with decent economic growth though Bush still may be vulnerable on the lack of job creation. In the fourth quarter of this year and the first quarter of next year GDP growth is likely to be at least 3% and maybe 4%. In the second quarter of next year people will receive larger tax refunds because of the tax cut so growth may be even better then. However, the possibility of rising interest rates is a big wild card that could lower these estimates substantially. And these growth rates will not be high enough to create a lot of jobs so unemployment likely will decline only 3 or 4 tenths of a percent, if at all. It may rise for several reasons, including increasing productivity, globalization, foreign outsourcing, merger and acquisition activity, and the excess capacity which still exists with a lack of pent up demand to drive the creation of additional capacity.
The recent economic growth most resembles that under LBJ except that LBJ had much smaller deficits as a percentage of GDP and much better economic growth. LBJ's "guns and butter" fiscal policy contributed to the inflation of the 1970's and 1980's. Bush is taking us in the same direction.
Bush not only is emulating LBJ, he also is repeating the same republican mistakes that account for the incredibly pathetic republican record on job creation, federal deficits, and the performance of the stock market.
Job CreationRepublican presidents are
always, always, always bad for job creation. Since the 1920's, the annual rate of job creation under republican presidents has always been lower than under democratic presidents. Bush is much worse on job creation than the typical republican president.
Since the depression, not a single republican president has had a better rate of job creation than any democratic president. The highest rate of job growth under a republican was 2.2% per year during Nixon's time in office. The lowest rate of job growth under a democrat was 2.3% per year during Kennedy's time in office. Bush has had a -0.7% annual rate which is the first negative number since the depression.
Since WWII ended, a total of 57.51 million jobs were created during the terms of democratic presidents which is an average of 2.054 million jobs per year. During the terms of republican presidents a total of 31.11 million jobs were created which is an average of 1.003 million jobs per year.
Fedral DeficitSince Kennedy was president, republican presidents have always run higher federal deficits in current dollars, in constant dollars and as a percentage of GDP, than democratic presidents, except for 1968. The publicly held national debt is now just under $4 trillion. In the 42 years since Kennedy's first budget, the US has increased the publicly held national debt by roughly $3.5 trillion. $3.2 trillion of this debt piled up in the 22 years under republican presidents. $300 billion piled up in the 20 years under democratic presidents.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2004/sheets/hist01z3.xlsNote that the estimates in the table for 2003 and subsequent years are no longer applicable. The current estimates are much higher. Also, the numbers for the first year of a presidential term are from the budget of the preceeding term.
Stock MarketThe stock market also performs better under democratic presidents.
The excess return in the stock market is higher under Democratic than
Republican presidencies:nine percent for the value-weighted and 16 percent
for the equal-weighted portfolio.The difference comes from higher real stock
returns and lower real interest rates,is statistically significant,and is robust
in subsamples.The difference in returns is not explained by business-cycle
variables related to expected returns,and is not concentrated around election
dates.There is no difference in the riskiness of the stock market across
presidencies that could justify a risk premium.The difference in returns
through the political cycle is therefore a puzzle.
http://www.personal.anderson.ucla.edu/rossen.valkanov/Politics.pdf This analysis covers the years 1927-1998 and separately examines the years from 1927-1962 and 1963-1998. Results which included the years from 1999-2003 would show an even greater difference.