About a week ago, Bernard Arnault’s fashion empire, LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton, surprised the French establishment by announcing that it had acquired a 17 percent stake in Hermès International. Two weeks earlier, Bill Ackman, the activist hedge fund investor, and Vornado Realty Trust, the real estate company, shocked Wall Street when they disclosed that they had acquired a nearly 27 percent stake in J.C. Penney, the mass-market retailer.
But hold on a minute: how is it possible that these corporate raiders were able to accumulate such large positions without anyone knowing?
In the United States — and in France — regulators require all investors to disclose anytime they accumulate more than a 5 percent ownership stake in a company. The rule in the United States, known as 13D, along with the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act, which requires activist investors to disclose when they invest more than about $60 million, is meant to provide the markets with a sense of transparency so that certain investors cannot just sneak up out of nowhere.
And yet, that is exactly what seems to be happening.
Mr. Ackman took advantage of a rule giving investors 10 days to disclose their position after breaking the 5 percent ownership threshold. In his case, once he passed the threshold, he and Vornado sprinted to buy up tens of millions of shares before having to show their hand.
Mr. Arnault’s approach was perhaps more insidious: he used derivatives to build up a stealth position in Hermès starting in 2008 so that he would not have to declare ownership until he was ready to pounce.
It is all legal. But the real question is, Should it be?
“Unless and until lawmakers and securities regulators in the U.S. adopt disclosure requirements in accord with what is now the global consensus toward full and fair disclosure of equity derivatives and other synthetic and nonstandard ownership and control techniques, U.S. corporations are well advised to adopt such self-help measures as are available,” Adam O. Emmerich and William Savitt, partners at Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, wrote in a note to clients.
http://dealbook.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/01/sorkin-big-investors-appear-out-of-thin-air/?ref=business