FORT WHITE - The cool, clear water of the Ichetucknee River gently flows around tubers enjoying one of their final floats this season. To those who visit the river as a retreat into nature's beauty, the water is pristine, one of the few bodies left untouched by the complications of civilization. But to many experts, changes to the river are coming at an alarming rate.
Slow though the changes may be to the visitors' eyes, experts say, the changes in plant and animal life have intensified over the past several years. That intensification may even affect visitors to the springs. Some people have had severe allergies from something in the river, causing reactions as minor as itchiness to as serious as cardiac arrest.
Many experts believe that the culprit may be the new algae that has formed as a result of the changes. Experts attribute the changes to development - particularly spray fields, septic tanks and stormwater that carry nitrates - in and around the Ichetucknee Springs Basin.
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Quick-growing algae and plants like water lettuce and eelgrass now coat the bottom of the river that was once home to more delicate species of plant life. "The algae can actually shade out the eelgrass by not allowing it to get sunlight," Stevenson said. "It's feeding off the nitrates. That's why it's expanding so fast." Nitrates are heaviest at the springs, he said, because that's where they flow out from the ground. As the concentration lessens further down the river, the signs of plant life changes aren't as drastic. "I've never seen the algae this thick before," Stevenson said while guiding a recent trip down the river. "During the past year, it's just gotten worse and worse... These changes are so subtle that the majority of people don't realize they're going on."
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