Cruise ships are notorious for pollution in the ocean.
Cruise ships generate a wide range of man-made toxins, including perchloroethylene (PERC) from dry cleaning; benzene and toluene from paint and solvents; and oily waste from fuel and machine oil. PERC is linked to cancer and birth defects in humans, and even small amounts in water have been shown to be toxic to aquatic animals. Benzene is a known human carcinogen. Oil in even minute concentrations can kill fish. Consuming oil can kill birds and cause internal hemorrhaging or death in marine mammals.
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"The violations at Norwegian were some of the worst we've ever seen," Rick Langlois, EPA's Florida-based special agent in charge, said in an interview. "Almost every waste they had was going overboard."
Royal Caribbean admitted in court it had installed special pipes on some ships — removed before every scheduled Coast Guard inspection — to bypass pollution-control devices that prevent oily dumping. The line also pleaded guilty to dumping toxic chemicals used in dry cleaning, photo processing and other activities.
The Coast Guard shot aerial videotape in 1994 of an oil slick trailing Royal Caribbean's 900-foot ship Sovereign of the Seas near San Juan, Puerto Rico. Despite that and other photographic evidence, Royal Caribbean hired several high-powered former Justice Department lawyers to argue the federal government lacked jurisdiction to prosecute. Royal Caribbean is incorporated in Liberia.