Nature 442, 18-21 (6 July 2006) | doi:10.1038/442018a; Published online 5 July 2006
Geoff Brumfiel
... Harnessing the power of supercomputers such as Purple and data from past tests, US weaponeers are working feverishly on an ambitious programme to design a new nuclear warhead that they can certify will work — even without a test explosion. They claim that the new weapon will replace the ageing warheads in the US nuclear stockpile; that it will be safer and more reliable than existing designs; and that it will be easier to build and cheaper to maintain. Some designers informally call it the 'wooden bomb', because theoretically it will be able to sit on the shelf for years with little maintenance. Formally, the new weapon is known as the Reliable Replacement Warhead, or RRW ...
The debate over the RRW has its roots in the 1992 testing ban, instituted by the former President George Bush as the first step towards signing the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty. The United States never ratified the treaty, but the government has maintained its voluntary moratorium on testing.
"The test ban symbolizes that the nuclear arms race is over," says Robert Nelson, a physicist and arms-control expert at Princeton University in New Jersey. As long as the United States doesn't test, he says, other nations —including nuclear upstarts such as India and Pakistan — feel enormous pressure to follow suit. And the ban gives the United States a huge advantage over other established nuclear nations, because it already has data from 1,054 nuclear tests. China, by comparison, has conducted only 45 ...
Weapons designers at Livermore and Los Alamos are now working on RRW designs as replacements for the United States' most abundant nuclear warhead, the W76, which is deployed on submarine-launched missiles. Eight W76s, each destined for a different target, can sit atop a single missile. But today, most missiles routinely carry four ...
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v442/n7098/full/442018a.htmlNPT? What NPT?