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provision that is expressed as a right of the people(XVII) -in addition to a provision that expresses an obligation to serve in person(X). A fair reading of all three articles (I,X, and XVII) taken together does not support the exclusively collective rights argument that the Ninth Circuit held in Silviera. Furthermore a review of the writings of Massachusetts leading citizens such as Sam and John Adams lends more support to the individual rights interpretation.
From the Massachusetts BoR 1780: X.--Each individual of the society has a right to be protected by it in the enjoyment of his life, liberty and property, according to standing laws. He is obliged, consequently, to contribute his share to the expense of this protection; to give his personal service, or an equivalent, when necessary: But no part of the property of any individual, can, with justice, be taken from him, or applied to public uses without his own consent, or that of the representative body of the people: In fine, the people of this Commonwealth are not controlable by any other laws, than those to which their constitutional representative body have given their consent. And whenever the public exigencies require, that the property of any individual should be appropriated to public uses, he shall receive a reasonable compensation therefor.
XVII.--The people have a right to keep and to bear arms for the common defence. And as in time of peace armies are dangerous to liberty, they ought not to be maintained without the consent of the legislature; and the military power shall always be held in an exact subordination to the civil authority, and be governed by it.
Defense of the Constitution, John Adams 1788: ”To suppose arms in the hands of citizens, to be used at individual discretion, except in private self-defense, or by partial orders of towns, countries or districts of a state, is to demolish every constitution, and lay the laws prostrate, so that liberty can be enjoyed by no man; it is a dissolution of the government. The fundamental law of the militia is, that it be created, directed and commanded by the laws, and ever for the support of the laws."
Samuel Adams in defense of the US Constitution 1788: "hat the said Constitution be never construed to authorize Congress to infringe the just liberty of the press, or the rights of conscience; or to prevent the people of the United States, who are peaceable citizens, from keeping their own arms; or to raise standing armies, except when necessary for the defense of the United States, or of some one or more of them; or to prevent the people from petitioning, in a peaceable and orderly manner, the federal legislature for a redress of grievances; or to subject the people to unreasonable searches and seizures of their persons, papers or possessions."
As you say, Kerry does waffle on the RKBA. He seems to suggest that it would not be proper for individual citizens to keep military style weapons. He is wrong on this point as the Massachusetts BoR says that that "the people have a right to keep and bear arms for the common defense", and the Supreme Court (Miller, 1938)interpreted this to mean weapons useful for military service.
But Kerry does at least support an individual right to bear arms. (Unless he was talking about some collective right to hunt!). Perhaps if he stays in the race there will be an opportunity to pin him down on how he interprets the second amendment.
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