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Palestinians in Egypt must tolerate restrictions on employment, education and owning property. When Egypt announced in September that it would grant nationality to children of Egyptian mothers married to foreigners, it did not include Palestinians.
In Lebanon, nearly 400,000 Palestinians live in 12 refugee camps, where crime is rife and clashes between rival Palestinian factions are common. Palestinians cannot own property or get state health care.
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Things are better for Jordan's 1.7 million Palestinians, who are nearly one-third of the population and enjoy Jordanian citizenship. But relations have a tumultuous history. A Palestinian assassinated Jordan's king in 1951, and two decades later Jordan fought a war against Yasser Arafat and his Palestine Liberation Organization. In recent times the government has steadily moved to "Jordanize" jobs in the army and other sensitive areas, like state radio and television and the Interior Ministry.
The result, say Palestinians, is that they are discriminated against in getting such jobs, even though no law officially bans their employment.
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Syria, with a population of 18 million, is a strong verbal supporter of the Palestinian cause, but refuses citizenship to its 410,000 Palestinian refugees.
Hisham Youssef, spokesman for the 22-nation Arab League, acknowledged that Palestinians live "in very bad conditions," but said the official policy is meant "to preserve their Palestinian identity."
"If every Palestinian who sought refuge in a certain country was integrated and accommodated into that country, there won't be any reason for them to return to Palestine," he said.
The PLO tends to agree with that line, while adding its voice to demands for better treatment of the refugees.
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"We can't own a house, land or get a loan from the bank, despite the fact that I was born here and have no idea what is Palestine," Zahar said.
"It is an evil hypocrisy," said prominent Palestinian writer Mureed al-Barghouti, who lives in Cairo. "The language of the
governments and media is in one direction, and the real practices on the ground are totally the opposite."
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"All the Arab countries want to keep this problem looking like an open wound" to keep world attention focused on Israel's occupation of Palestinian land, said Ana Liria-Franch, regional representative in Cairo for the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees.
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