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I believe this article was orignally in the NY Times, but I cannot find a link to it. Here is part of the article:
Last Portion of Article. Please note the portion 'Bush Moves Slowly'. This was released on 12/31/2001:
A disjointed fight
As Clinton began his second term, U.S. intelligence agencies were assembling a clearer picture of the threat posed by bin Laden and al-Qaida.
A few months earlier, the first significant defector from al-Qaida had walked into a U.S. embassy in Africa and provided a detailed account of the organization's operations and ultimate objectives.
The defector, Jamal Ahmed al-Fadl, told U.S. officials that bin Laden had taken aim at the United States and other Western governments, broadening his initial goal of overthrowing Saudi Arabia and other "infidel" Middle Eastern governments.
But al-Fadl's statements were not widely circulated within the government. A senior official said their significance was not fully understood by Clinton's top advisers until his public testimony in 2000.
The war against al-Qaida remained disjointed. While the State Department listed bin Laden as a financier of terror in its 1996 survey, al-Qaida was not included on the list of terrorist organizations subject to various sanctions released by the United States in 1997.
"Almost all of the groups today, if they chose, have the ability to strike us in the United States," John O'Neill, the FBI's chief of international terrorist operations, warned in a June 1997 speech. "They are working toward that infrastructure." (O'Neill left the FBI this year for a job as chief of security at the World Trade Center, where he died Sept. 11.)
On Aug. 7, 1998, truck bombs were detonated outside the U.S. embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, killing 224 people, including 12 Americans, and injuring more than 5,000.
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Flying blind
The arrest of Ahmed Ressam was the clearest sign that bin Laden was trying to bring the jihad to the United States.
Ressam was arrested when he tried to enter the United States in Port Angeles, Wash., on Dec. 14, 1999. Inside his rental car, agents found 130 pounds of bomb-making chemicals and detonator components.
His arrest helped reveal what intelligence officials later concluded was an al-Qaida plot to unleash at least three attacks during the millennium celebrations, aimed at a U.S. ship in Yemen, tourist sites and a hotel in Jordan frequented by Israelis, and unknown targets in the United States.
"That was a wake-up call," a senior law enforcement officer said, "not for law enforcement and intelligence, but for policy-makers." The millennium plot revealed gaping vulnerabilities at home.
"If you understood al-Qaida, you knew something was going to happen," said Robert Bryant, deputy director of the FBI when he retired in 1999.
A White House review of U.S. defenses in March 2000, after Ressam's arrest, found significant shortcomings in nearly a decade of government efforts to improve defenses against terrorists at home. "We did not have any actionable intelligence," one senior official said. "We were flying blind."
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Bush moves slowly
As he prepared to leave office last January, Berger met with his successor, Condoleezza Rice, and gave her a fatalistic warning.
He said that terrorism - and particularly bin Laden's brand of it - would consume far more of her time than she had ever imagined.
But until Sept. 11, the people at the top levels of the new Bush administration, if anything, may have been less preoccupied by terrorism than the Clinton aides.
In March, the White House's Counterterrorism Security Group began drafting its own comprehensive strategy for combating al-Qaida.
Bush's principals did not formally meet to discuss terrorism in late spring when intercepts from Afghanistan warned that al-Qaida was planning to attack a U.S. target in late June or perhaps over the July 4 holiday.
Administration officials say the president was concerned about the growing threat and frustrated by the halfhearted efforts to thwart al-Qaida. In July, Rice said, Bush likened the response to the al-Qaida threat to "swatting at flies."
The Bush administration's draft plan for fighting al-Qaida included a $200 million CIA program that, among other things, would arm the Taliban's enemies. Bush's national security advisers approved the plan Sept. 4, a senior administration official said, and it was to be presented to the president Sept. 10. He was traveling that day and did not receive it.
The next day his senior national security aides gathered shortly before 9 a.m. for a staff meeting. At roughly the same moment, a hijacked Boeing 767 was plowing into the north tower of the World Trade Center. Memo: This article was reported by Judith Miller, Jeff Gerth and Don Van Natta Jr. and written by Miller. Edition: 4 STAR Section: A Page: 1 Index Terms: Assault On America Copyright 2001 Houston Chronicle Record Number: 3366101
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