By STEVEN GREENHOUSE
Published: January 21, 2004
The labor unions that backed Representative Richard A. Gephardt of Missouri and Howard Dean, the former Vermont governor, were embarrassed yesterday and searching for answers why their candidates — and the unions themselves — fared so poorly in the Iowa caucuses.
Officials from the unions that supported Dr. Dean, who placed third, and Mr. Gephardt, who dropped out of the presidential race after placing fourth, said the pair had been weakened by the flurry of negative charges they directed at each other. They said this helped Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts, who won the caucuses, and Senator John Edwards of North Carolina, who came in second, pick up support because they ran more positive campaigns.
Strategists from the two major unions that backed Dr. Dean — the service employees and the state, county and municipal employees — said they would redouble their efforts to lift him to victory in next Tuesday's primary in New Hampshire.
But leaders of the blue-collar unions that supported Mr. Gephardt said they were unsure what they would do next.
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http://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/21/politics/campaigns/21LABO.html