Complexity, Emergence and Self-Organization
Neo-darwinism faces a challenge from within the domain of science, and the philosophy thereof. A discussion of Intelligent Design should give way to a much more fascinating and not necessarily religious analysis of life using concepts of Complexity, Emergence and Self-Organization. Survival of the fittest is much too reductionist.
What Is Complexity & So What?
http://www.prototista.org/E-Zine/WhatisComplexity.htm Emergence
http://www.prototista.org/E-Zine/Emergence.htm A central concept in the sciences of complexity is emergence.
Emergence hearkens back to the old adage that a whole is more than the sum of its parts. That is, complex systems demonstrate properties, often called "emergent properties" that: 1) are not demonstrated by the parts, and 2) cannot be predicted apriori even with full understanding of the parts.
That is, reductionism is insufficient to understand a system's properties.
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http://www.prototista.org/E-Zine/OriginsofOrder/Introduction.htmIn complexity, life is one example (even if a complex one) of a more general principle: the emergence of new properties after self-organization of matter to more complex states far from thermodynamic equilibrium.
Once more, to be clear (since this is such a radical idea if viewed from the context of modern science), under certain circumstances that are very common in nature - to be examined in this essay - matter will spontaneously self-organize into more complex states demonstrating emergent properties, one of which is life.
Furthermore, cognition (including perception of internal and external changes) and consciousness (a special type of cognition, involving knowing that we know) are emergent properties of living systems.
The radical nature of self-organization, and its potential social, ecological and philosophical implications, cannot be overstated. As <Fritjof> Capra points out, "…self-organization has emerged as perhaps the central concept in the systems view of life …(83; italics his)"
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For biologists: links from Campbell to Capra
http://www.prototista.org/E-Zine/OriginsofOrder/LinksfromCampbelltoCapra.htm