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It's definitely a trial.
Article II, section 4:The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.
Article I, section 3: The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.
Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.
Article III, section 2: The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment...
(It's clearly meant to be a trial, which means the president has the full right to mount a defense. And if the president gets to mount a defense, then someone has to mount a prosecution. That is not a matter of an afternoon. The Clinton impeachment was a speedy deal, and I do mean deal. Both sides worked out an agreement in advance to limit the trial in scope, to make it go quickly. Both sides knew from the beginning it was a show trial, with no hope of conviction, so they were willing to make concessions. If Bush goes in on trial for his job, his team will drag it out as long as they can.)
Now, on the specific crime of Treason, Article III, Section 3: Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.
(We would have to find evidence to meet that specific requirement for treason, and it is clearly not going to be found. We would have to impeach on the more vague "high crimes and misdeameanors. I think maybe we could convince all the Dems that he was guilty of that, and perhaps a couple of Republicans. But keep in mind, too, that if we try him and fail to remove him, it will be even harder to impeach him again if more evidence is found. It's just a bad idea, as things stand. Congress is doing the right thing. They are investigating, issuing subpoenas, and gathering evidence. If the evidence proves an impeachable crime, they will go after him. But they are not going to say "We are gathering evidence to try to find something to impeach him on," because that declaration itself would make the investigation sound like a witch hunt, and that would make it less credible in a trial).
Six to eight months is an optimistic view of how long it would take, barring a legite smoking gun.
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