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1. James K. Polk (1845-1849): Purposely served one term, and did everything he set out to do, from annexing Texas, to peacefully settling the border of the Oregon Territory with Britain, and oh yeah, that forced unpleasantness with Mexico which capped the westward expansion started by Thomas Jefferson resoundingly.
2. James Monroe (1817-1825): Sec'y of State (and presidential successor) John Quincy Adams' "Monroe Doctrine" was an effective response to the breaking of Spain's New World colonies with the mother country - for better or worse, this would establish the foundation of American foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere which lasts to this day. Also must note the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which would hold the slavery expansion issue in check for at least a generation.
3. Jimmy Carter (1977-1981): Maligned in his time by congressional Democrats almost more than the Republicans, because they quite frankly hate the 'outsider' card, and so they thwarted, among other things, his vision of energy independence. Camp David peace accords are holding up 30 years out (as the above noted Missouri Compromise informs us - we must be vigilant with maintaining these agreements, as a generation is but a blink of an eye in history), and he was honest, forthright, and worked harder than any president since the Watergate era. He was also a pro-civil rights Democrat from the south, marking a turning point in the party's base demographics. Unfairly held accountable for the wrecked post-manufacturing stagflation economy set in motion during the Nixon years. His post-presidential years rank as the very best example of any ex-president in history - it reminds us that a prophet is rarely with honor in his own time.
4. John Quincy Adams (1825-1829): Coming into office under the cloud of what Andrew Jackson aptly called a "corrupt bargain" (Henry Clay was a piece of sh.., I mean, um, work), this first son of a former president himself was principled as far as these things (questionable elections) go. He had a helluva vision - a national network of roads and canals, a national university, and a national observatory. He was, like Carter years later, roundly ignored and treated with hostility within his own party - which at this point had more identities than Sybil on a Twinkies binge, and therefore, very little of his agenda found favor (the Erie Canal being a notable exception). Tenth Amendment arguments were used as rationales for sabotaging much of his agenda, but it really came down to very few people actually liking him. Very much his father's son. Like Carter, he found post-presidential redemption, as a long-serving congressman well into the 1840's.
5. Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885): This product of the spoils system came into office with lower expectations from the public than anyone since the Civil War. Assuming office upon the assassination of James Garfield (killed, ironically, by a disgruntled office-seeker), Arthur was expected to be a puppet of the party bosses, and as corrupt as the system which produced him. But Arthur was quietly shrewd, and without much in the way of presidential ambition to color his goals, crafted a model reform presidency (in the same vein as "only Nixon could go to China"). He dismantled the very system which produced him, and proving to be an adept and steady administrator, won the respect of the people at large. Although usually dismissed as middle-to-lower-tier by historians making more money than I do, there is something to be said for a man who left the presidency, and the country, a bit better off than he found it, and made few enemies, while shedding no convictions.
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