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It does not help the argument that there is insufficient diversity in the media to make an utterly ridiculous and easily disproved assertion that 90 percent of the media outlets in the US are owned by six companies. Those six companies are usually identified as:
GE/NBC Disney/ABC CBS/Viacom (or national amusements) Time Warner News Corporation Clear Channel
Now, let's take a look at these companies and the claimed "90 percent" of all media outlets:
Four of them (GE, Disney, Natl Amusements, and News Corp) control the four major broadcast networks. Leaving aside the fact that the networks share of the viewing audience has for some time been dropping like a rock, that is no small thing. But does it represent 90 percent of the media? Well, let's consider that these four companies own a total of around 50 television stations (out of more than 1700 fulll power stations in the US). Their networks of course have lots of affiliates -- around 850 -- closer to 1000 if you toss in the CW Network, MyNetworkTV and Telemundo). That leaves around 700 stations that aren't owned or affiliated with these companies. And that's not counting the more than 350 full power stations affiliated with PBS. And, it should be noted that most of those 1000 or so affiliates that aren't owned by the networks typically offer, in addition to the nightly network news programming, local news programming that they produce themselves (or acquire from sources other than the networks.)
Those four companies have other media interests of course. News Corp in particular owns a number of cable networks, including Fox News. Most of the other networks are sports or entertainment oriented. News Corp also owns the New York Post and the Wall Street Journal. They have no radio stations but do have a syndicated Fox radio network. NOt sure how many radio stations carry it. GE owns a lot of cable networks, including several news-oriented networks (CBNBC, MSNBC). GE has no newspapers, no news magazines, no radio properties. ABC also has a lot of cable networks, although almost all are sports and entertaintment oriented, not news. They sold all their radio stations and their radio network a few years ago (its still called ABC radio network but they don't own it anymore), they do still distribute syndicated ABC News radio programming. ABC also doesn't own any newspapers or news magazines. Nat'l Amusements owns around 140 radio stations and the CBS radio network which has around 1000 affiliates (out of the 11,000 commercial radio stations in the US). They have no newspapers, no news magazines. They have (through Viacom) a bunch of cable networks like Showtime and MTV, but no cable news programming.
Based on the above, it seems pretty hard to figure how one gets to the 90 percent control claim. And looking at Time Warner and Clear Channel help you get there. Time Warner owns a lot of cable networks, including CNN. It also owns Time Magazine. But it owns no newspapers and no radio properties. It also owns a lot of cable systems, but it will stop owning those sometime in the next few weeks under a spin off that will leave Time Warner and Time Warner Cable completely separate companies -- no overlap in management. Clear Channel is the biggest radio station owner in the country, but it has no television properties, no news magazines, no newspapers. I'm not sure exactly how many radio stations Clear owns -- last I saw it was between 900 and 1000. That's a lot, but not exactly 90 percent of the 11,000 commercial radio stations licensed in the US (there are also between 1500 and 2000 full power noncommercial radio stations in the US).
If that isn't enough to debunk the 90 percent myth, consider the following: of the top ten newspapers in the US, only two are controlled by any of the six companies identified as cotnrolling 90 percent of the media -- the WSJournal and the New York Post, both controlled by Murdoch's News Corp. Even more noteworthy, if you look at the list of the top 100 newspapers in the US, you discover that none of them are controlled by the six companies listed, except for the aformentioned WSJ and the New York Post. There also are three natianal news magazines -- only one, Time, is controlled by the six companies identified. Also, in considering what constitutes the "media" we shouldn't ignore cable systems and DBS companies. Only one of the six listed companies owns cable systems and/or DBS companies. Out of the close to 100 million pay tv subscribers in the US, Time Warner Cable (soon to be independent of Mr. Bewkes and Time Warner Inc) has around 13 million subscribers I think. (Its smaller than both Comcast and DirecTV and about the same size as Dish Network).
My point isn't that everything is sweetness and delight in the media business. Its that the claim that six companies control 90 percent of everything is nonsense and making nonsensical claims doesn't help address the real issues. Even you buy the notion that the Chairman of GE spends his day overseeing what gets reported on affilates of the GE owned Telemundo network, media diversity has been an issue in this country a long time and those that think its appreciably worse now than at some earlier time are fooling themselves.
When were the glory days of a robustly diverse media? Back in the 70s when there were only three networks and when a far greater percentage of the television stations in the country (there were only around 700 stations then -- a thousand less than today) were affiliated with one of those networks. Newspapers were definitely healthier back in the 70s and tHere is too much newspaper/television cross ownership today, but there was more cross ownership back in the 70s and today there are two national newspapers (USA Today and WSJ) whereas back in the 70s there was only one. There were around 5000 fewer commercial radio stations and half as many noncommercial stations as today. There were no cable networks back then, and virtually noone had any access to foreign sources of news and information. I grew up in a very large (top ten) market and could choose between three network stations, a pbs station and one "independent" station that featured mostly syndicated re-runs. Today, via cable, I have access to around a dozen local stations, including multiple PBS stations. There were three daily newspapers back then, although only one was worth a damn. Today I can choose between two papers, only one of which is worth a damn. There are more radio stations today, including a lot more foreign language stations. There was one all news radio station. Today there are two or three and while I think all of them are commonly owned, at least they're no longer owned by the local newspaper, as was the case when I was a kid.
Again, I'm not saying that the lack of diversity in the media isn't a problem. Just that its not a new problem and exagerrating it isn't the route to actually dealing with it.
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