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Edited on Tue Jun-14-05 10:07 PM by slaveplanet
1. What is terrorism?
The trouble starts with the definition of an "act of terrorism," inserted into the Ohio Revised Code by S.B. 184 in 2002 (Sec. 2909.21). This new law expanded the definition well beyond common use and beyond federal statutes.
Here is the definition the U.S. State Department uses for its yearly report on terrorism:
premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents" (U.S. Code, Title 22, Chapter 38, § 2656f. (d) (2))
Another federal definition is the basis for the U.S. Department of State Terrorist Exclusion List. It is longer, but is similarly limited to acts that are commonly understood to be terrorism (U.S. Code, Title 8, Chapter 38, § 1182).
Regardless of the merits of the above definitions, they illustrate what is wrong with the Ohio definition, which requires only a "specified offense" and a certain intentions.
-61623; Specified offenses include any violation of section 2909.04, which states, in part, "No person, purposely by any means. . . shall do any of the following: . . . (2) Interrupt or impair public transportation . . ."
-61623; The identified intentions are as vague and as broad as can be. For example, ORC Sec. 2909.21 (A)(3) refers to an intention to "affect the conduct of any government by the act that constitutes the offense."
This easily encompasses many acts of nonviolent civil disobedience. For example, in 1955, Rosa Parks "purposely" "interrupted public transportation" in Montgomery, Alabama to "affect the conduct of any government by the act that constitutes the offense." When Gov. Bob Taft signed the new Ohio law on May 15, 2002, his office issued a press release saying, "Based on a similar law in New York, Senate Bill 184 creates a clear definition for acts of terrorism. . ." In fact, the New York definition is not similar; it is much more narrowly drawn (New York Consolidated Penal Laws, Article 490).
2. Money laundering
The current bill is built on the 2002 definition of terrorism. As a result, for example, the proposed section on money laundering is as absurd as the definition of terrorism. A bake sale to pay for the bus for the group that commits civil disobedience would be regarded as "money laundering in support of terrorism," (Sec. 2909.29).
3. Mandatory identification checks
In the bill as introduced, the mandatory identification provision applied to any "airport, train station, chemical plant, utility site, or any other terrorist sensitive site," (Sec. 2909.31) which, of course, could be anywhere in the state.
Now the provision has been changed to "in or near an airport, train station, port, or other critical transportation infrastructure site," which is not much narrower, and no clearer.
What is a "critical transportation infrastructure site"? In Ohio, there are 48,435 miles of Interstate, U.S., state and county routes, 14,930 bridges, 167 airports, 6,100 miles of mainline railroad track, 6,500 public grade crossings, 209 port terminals, 61,000 miles of rivers and streams, including 451 miles of the Ohio River, and 265 miles of Lake Erie shoreline.
Which of the above is not a "critical transportation infrastructure site"? How are citizens and law enforcement officials to figure out whether they are sufficiently "in or near" such a location for the new law to apply?
Further, the substitute bill retains the "similarly situated" language of the introduced bill -- "under circumstances in which the law enforcement officer is requiring identification all similarly situated people" -- as though the proposed identification requirement on one person could be justified by imposing it on others.
This provision of the bill expands the powers of the state when there is no showing that it is necessary. As Mr. Gamso testified, ". . .insofar as the officer has reasonable articulable suspicion that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit an offense, he has already the power to detain that person for brief investigation to resolve the suspicion."
Given this, there is no increased safety from terrorism offered in proposed Section 2909.31. Instead it would discourage law-abiding citizens from gathering in places where they might be subject to such treatment from law enforcement officials.
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