'decentralising power'
seems to mean:
"The manifesto encourages parents and charities to set up new academy schools"
ie cutting out the county/etc. responsibility for schools
"pledges to give people the power to veto council tax rises through local referendums"
ie decreasing the power of elected councils by second-guessing them (and it doesn't seem possible to have a referendum to increase council spending, does it?)
"promises communities the right to buy their local pub or post office"
Well, might be good, but I'd ask what is the 'community' if not the parish council or equivalent?
"it promises directly-elected police commissioners to hold forces to account"
OK, that's an election; a BBC interviewer pointed out that one elected person in charge may tend towards grandstanding and Robocop measures; when they suggested to a Tory that the police authorities could be directly elected instead of made up from councillors, and that would mean more of a consensus on policing than with just one person, they ummed and ahhed, and didn't have an answer. Because they really want an "I'm tough on criminals" chest-beating exercise to develop from this.
On health:
"Decentralise power, getting rid of target-led culture and publishing healthcare providers' results. Introducing payment by results system for GPs and other health services"
This seems to contradict itself. Isn't a "payment by results system" a "target-led culture"?
"Doctors and nurses to get more decision-making powers. Independent NHS board to allocate resources and provide commissioning guidelines. Power for GPs to commission local health services"
Notice this comes along with "Cut Whitehall policy, funding and regulation costs by a third, saving £2bn a year by 2015, and save a further £1bn by cutting quangos". But they want a brand new huge quango to control the NHS.
Other:
"Councils and police to get powers to shut shops or bars persistently selling alcohol to children and to charge more for late-night licences to cover policing costs "
Ahh, this really is an extra power for a council!
"Social enterprises, charities and voluntary groups to deliver more public services aimed at tackling deep-rooted social problems"
The problem with taking provision for things out of local council control is that coverage becomes patchy. What if no one volunteers to deliver the public services in a particular area?
"More flexibility for councils on business rates to encourage growth"
That's genuine decentralisation.
Overall, not "a dramatic transfer of responsibility — for schools, hospitals, police forces — to local governments and communities", if you ask me. Apart from 'communities' being a nebulous "what I want it to mean" word.