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Edited on Sat Feb-10-07 06:25 PM by papau
Jerry L. Parks. It uses the life of Jacob's son and how he dealt with the problems that arose after brothers sold him into a life of suffering to illustrate the "Thirty-two timeless principles" which are indeed timeless. A wonderful read and lesson.
Kushner's Temple Israel is in Natick, 5 miles from me, but in all these years I have never tried to talk to him in person. And I do have questions about his approach/view. He says that evil is because 1) it sometimes just goes that way; (2) we are given freedom of choice and consequently life is full of injustices; (3) nature is morally blind; and (4) there may be "corners of the universe where God's creative light has not yet penetrated." with God not meaning to punish us, just wanting a means to test us and present us with problems and see how we react to them. “The God I believe in does not send us the problem; he gives us the strength to cope with it.” So bad things happened to good people because obstacles, temptations, and difficulties are parts of God’s plan for us in this world. So we need to learn to forgive life's imperfections and love it because it is capable of containing great beauty and goodness, and because the ability to forgive and the ability to love are the weapons God has given us to enable us to live fully, bravely, and meaningfully in this less-than-perfect world.
But neither book addresses what David Hume, the eighteenth century philosopher, stated as the logical problem of evil and God, "Is He willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then He is impotent. Is He able, but not willing? Then He is malevolent. Is He both able and willing? Whence then is evil?"
Or if you prefer, Peter Kreeft said that the problem can be summed up by the apparent contradiction between the following four propositions: 1) God exists 2) God is all good 3) God is all powerful 4) Evil exists (Kreeft and Tacelli 1994: 129). If we affirm any three of these propositions, it seems we must reject the fourth. For example, if we accept that God exists, is all good and that evil exists, we must reject the idea that God is all powerful, otherwise He would put a stop to evil. Or, if God exists and is all powerful and yet evil also exists, then God must not be all good, because He wills or allows evil to exist. Kreeft then suggests five possible responses to this problem. o Atheism solves the problem by denying proposition one, that God exists. o Pantheism, the belief that God is everything and that everything is God, denies proposition two and allows that God could be both good and evil. o Polytheism, the belief in many gods, denies proposition three, and reduces God to just one of many gods. o Idealism, the belief that reality is a product of the mind, rejects proposition four and states that evil is just an illusion. o Christianity, on the other hand, affirms all four principles and denies that there is any inherent contradiction between them.
And as a Christian I buy into the last solution. It seems quite logical to me that God could have a good reason for permitting evil; a reason of which we are not aware. And as long as this is logically possible, there is no contradiction between the existence of an all good, all powerful God and the existence of evil. Just because we may not be able to figure out what that reason is does not mean the reason does not exist, or that the existence of evil does not in some way lead to more voluntary good and love in the world - the ultimate goal.
Scripture states that "with God all things are possible" (Mt. 19:26), but it also says that there are some things God cannot do -God cannot lie (Tit. 1:2), -can not be tempted to sin, nor can He tempt others to sin (James 1:13). He cannot do anything that is "out of character" for a righteous God and He can not do anything that is out of character for a rational being in a rational world. God cannot "undo the past," or create a square triangle, or make what is false true, as he can not do what is irrational or absurd. Logic then seems to force one to conclude that if God were to eliminate evil He would at the same time render impossible the accomplishment of other goals which are important to Him.
I reject the free will defense - God does not punish folks in this life for the evil they do in this life, and the need for free will does not force evil to exist.
I instead buy that the reasons are not only beyond our present knowledge, but also beyond our present ability to understand. Perhaps there are people who would not see their dependence on God if they did not see the pain that tis in life (Ps. 119 : 71). Perhaps the suffering is somehow a required preparatory to our existence in the life to come (2 Cor. 4:16-18) We say Jesus was truly human and say he was "a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief" (Isa. 53:3). The psalmist tells us that "the Lord is near to the brokenhearted" (Ps. 34:18), and that when we go through the "valley of the shadow of death" it is then that his presence is particularly promised to us (Ps. 23:4). Even in severe trial God is working all things together for the good of those who love Him (Rom. 8:28) - which is not to say evil is somehow good, but does say that even in what is evil God is at work to bring about his good purposes in our lives.
Which brings me back to my book recommendation - a book about Joseph - who learned the above truth after years of unexplained suffering due to the betrayal of his brothers, saying to them "You meant it for evil, but God meant it for good" (Gen. 50:20). Even Jesus "learned obedience from the things He suffered" (Heb. 5:8).
In any case - both books are excellent, IMO.
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