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and several subvarieties. As a preacher's kid, I can explain what's happening with the Lutherans, even though I now identify as an Episcopalian.
As a poster above has mentioned, the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELC) and the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod (LCMS) are theologically and socially very conservative, almost high-church fundamentalists. By the way, "Wisconsin" and "Missouri" in these cases refer not to where the present-day churches are located but where the synods were founded. I've seen an LCMS church in Hawaii.
The ELCA is a union of several synods that were originally founded by Scandinavian, German, and Eastern European immigrants, each holding services in its own language. As the ties to Old Country weakened and everyone started holding most of their services in English, a series of mergers began, until there were two major mainstream Lutheran bodies, the LCA (Lutheran Church in America) and the ALC (American Lutheran Church). Sort of the like the Judean People's Liberation Front...
Anyway, some time during the 1980s, there was an upheaval in the Missouri Synod, which tried to censure some of its seminary professors for teaching that the Bible isn't literally true. These professors and sympathetic students formed their own unofficial seminary. Eventually, individual congregations lined up on the side of either the liberals or the conservatives.
Eventually (I'm not sure of the exact year), the dissident Missouri Synod liberals joined up with the LCA and the ALC to form the ELCA (Evangelical Lutheran Church in America).
In addition to the Big Three, there are smaller Lutheran groups, all fundamentalist. In general then, an ELCA church is likely to be on the more liberal side, but any of the others are going to range from conservative to so conservative you can hardly believe it.
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