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Edited on Wed Jan-26-11 11:52 PM by onager
At least two Jewish historians in the area wrote a LOT about Herod the Great - Philo of Alexandria and Flavius Josephus. Neither mentioned a massacre of infants, and both were careful to record every negative Herod story they could find.
Herod served strictly at the pleasure of the Romans, and he absolutely could not have survived in office after such an outrageous act. Two of his main duties were to keep the peace and collect the taxes. To make sure he did that, he had a provincial Roman governor looking over his shoulder at all times.
As an example of how the Romans dealt with local kinglets who upset the populace - Herod's son, Archelaus, took over one-third of the kingdom after his father's death. Archelaus was a very unpopular ruler.
So unpopular that the Jews and the Samaritans (who despised each other) joined forces and went to the regional Roman governor in Damascus, to complain about him.
After hearing their complaints, the Romans yanked Archelaus out of office and exiled him about as far away from Judea as possible. They sent him to the Roman outpost in what is now Vienna, Austria.
Despite all his bad press in the Buy-bull, Herod The Great did a lot of good around Judea. To improve trade, he built a massive deep-water port in Caeserea using engineering principles that were way ahead of his time. It was eventually destroyed in a tsunami, but modern archeologists and engineers are amazed he was able to get it built at all.
Oh, as long as I'm here and boring people with real history...when Julius Caesar was in Egypt, outnumbered ten to one by the Egyptian army and bottled up in Alexandria, he sent out letters to anyone he thought might help him.
One letter went to Antipater, a wealthy Jewish merchant. Antipater not only sent Caesar money, he formed a committee to recruit Jewish men to fight with Caesar's army. Watching all this and getting an education in practical politics was Antipater's young son - who grew up to be Herod The Great.
(That story is in two contemporary sources - Flavius Josephus and The Alexandrian War, attributed to Caesar but most likely written by a couple of his staff officers.)
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