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It used to be that there were other scoring systems, often from state to state, in boxing. California had an odd one, that was based on the 5-point must. Knockdowns really made a huge difference, and after Jerry Quarry got a draw then a win over former champ Floyd Patterson, a lot of non-CA fans were upset.
The round by round system was weak for the reasons described.
In some states, a judge can take away a point without the referee calling the foul. Efforts to make judging more uniform offers some advantages, but a good judge will usually make fair calls in most fights.
I used to ref and judge amateur fights in NYS. There was a "rating system," where they kept a score of how often you were with the majority, so to speak. Bad judges can be identified, and not used. Same with refs. In amateur and the "club" professional fights, going to a guy's hometown often means you need to knock him out to win. I have seen robberies.
Some cities have their own flavor. Vegas judges didn't seem to like Haglar; they did like Leonard. Hence, Ray was able to get every advantage (gloves, ring size, mat-thickness, and 12 rounds when some championship fights were still 15). Don King tended to hire judges who return the verdict he prefers.
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