FETHIYE, Turkey - Some religions are closely associated with drug-taking. Rastafarianism is famous for its use of marijuana, or lamb's bread as it is known, to help achieve oneness with God, Hindu sadus (itinerant holy men) regularly use bhang (a liquid form of marijuana extract), and certain shamanistic traditions use peyote and datura to induce trances and hallucinations to facilitate communication with the spirit world.
Hemp seeds, discovered by archeologists in Pazyryk, southern Siberia, have been dated to around the same time as use by the Scythians of cannabis (on the Black Sea coast) was recorded by Herodotus in the 5th century BC.
The three religions of the Book, Judaism, Christianity and Islam, are not well known for having drug cultures associated with them, so it comes as something as a surprise to learn that Islam, perhaps the most puritanical of the three, has a strong undercurrent of marijuana use throughout its long history.
The issue of substance abuse, intoxicants and Islam rose to the Turkish media's attention recently when police carried out a raid on the home of private citizen Nazif Kamil Orde in Istanbul for the benefit of current-affairs documentary program Arena. They smashed their way into the home of the man newspapers have nicknamed "the junkie teacher" - Esrarc Hoca - a self-styled imam who interspersed his lessons on Islamic philosophy with some strong tokes on a lit joint and encouraged the young followers sitting around his living room to do likewise. He extolled the virtues of cannabis and said no one could make him stop - smoking was his duty to God.
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