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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21207519Potential health-promoting effects of astaxanthin: a high-value carotenoid mostly from microalgae.
Yuan JP, Peng J, Yin K, Wang JH.
Source
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China. yuanjp@mail.sysu.edu.cn
Abstract
The ketocarotenoid astaxanthin can be found in the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella zofingiensis, and Chlorococcum sp., and the red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma. The microalga H. pluvialis has the highest capacity to accumulate astaxanthin up to 4-5% of cell dry weight. Astaxanthin has been attributed with extraordinary potential for protecting the organism against a wide range of diseases, and has considerable potential and promising applications in human health.
Numerous studies have shown that astaxanthin has potential health-promoting effects in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, such as cancers, chronic inflammatory diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, liver diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, eye diseases, skin diseases, exercise-induced fatigue, male infertility, and HgCl₂-induced acute renal failure.
In this article, the currently available scientific literature regarding the most significant activities of astaxanthin is reviewed.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20457203Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2010 Oct;58(1):121-30. Epub 2010 May 8.
Suppressive effect of astaxanthin on retinal injury induced by elevated intraocular pressure.
Cort A, Ozturk N, Akpinar D, Unal M, Yucel G, Ciftcioglu A, Yargicoglu P, Aslan M.
Source
Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya 07070, Turkey.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the possible protective effect of astaxanthin (ASX) on the retina in rats with elevated intraocular pressure (EIOP). Rats were randomly divided into two groups which received olive oil or 5mg/kg/day ASX for a period of 8 weeks. Elevated intraocular pressure was induced by unilaterally cauterizing three episcleral vessels and the unoperated eye served as control.
At the end of the experimental period, neuroprotective effect of ASX was determined via electrophysiological measurements of visual evoked potentials (VEP) and rats were subsequently sacrificed to obtain enucleated globes which were divided into four groups including control, ASX treated, EIOP, EIOP+ASX treated. Retinoprotective properties of ASX were determined by evaluating retinal apoptosis, protein carbonyl levels and nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2) expression. Latencies of all VEP components were significantly prolonged in EIOP and returned to control levels following ASX administration.
When compared to controls, EIOP significantly increased retinal protein oxidation which returned to baseline levels in ASX treated EIOP group. NOS-2 expression determined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining was significantly greater in rats with EIOP compared to ASX and control groups.
Retinal TUNEL staining showed apoptosis in all EIOP groups; however ASX treatment significantly decreased the percent of apoptotic cells when compared to non treated ocular hypertensive controls. The presented data confirm the role of oxidative injury in EIOP and highlight the protective effect of ASX in ocular hypertension.
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