And decide for yourself who the quack is--
Science. 2005 Mar 25;307(5717):1920-5.
Immunity, inflammation, and allergy in the gut.
Macdonald TT, Monteleone G.
Division of Infection, Inflammation, and Repair, University of Southampton School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. t.t.macdonald@qmul.ac.uk
The gut immune system has the challenge of responding to pathogens while remaining relatively unresponsive to food antigens and the commensal microflora. In the developed world, this ability appears to be breaking down, with chronic inflammatory diseases of the gut commonplace in the apparent absence of overt infections. In both mouse and man, mutations in genes that control innate immune recognition, adaptive immunity, and epithelial permeability are all associated with gut inflammation. This suggests that perturbing homeostasis between gut antigens and host immunity represents a critical determinant in the development of gut inflammation and allergy.
PMID: 15790845
J Clin Gastroenterol. 2004 Jul;38(6 Suppl):S84-5.
The role of probiotics in the clinical management of food allergy and atopic dermatitis.
Miraglia del Giudice M, De Luca MG.
Dipartimento di Pediatria, Seconda Universita di Napoli, Italy. michele.miraglia@unina2.it
The probiotics are cultures of potentially beneficial bacteria that positively affects host by enhancing the microbial balance and therefore restore the normal intestinal permeability and gut microecology, improve the intestine's immunologic barrier function and reduce the generation of proinflammatory cycochines characteristics of allergic inflammation. The authors made a survey of the most relevant studies concerning the use of probiotics in the food allergy, atopic dermatitis, and in primary prevention of atopy. On the basis of these trials probiotic therapy alleviates allergic inflammation as demonstrated by the control of clinical symptoms and the reduction of local and systemic inflammatory markers.
PMID: 15220666
Braz J Med Biol Res. 2004 May;37(5):659-62. Epub 2004 Apr 22.
Correlation between symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome and the response to the food extract skin prick test.
Soares RL, Figueiredo HN, Maneschy CP, Rocha VR, Santos JM.
Grupo de Estudo de Doencas Intestinais, Departamento de Medicina Clinica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. rsalerno@openlink.com.br
The relationship between the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and food intolerance is not clear. We studied the cutaneous response to food antigens in 43 volunteers who were students and employees of the Faculty of Medicine of Universidade Federal Fluminense. Subjects were divided into 3 groups after evaluation for Roma II criteria for functional disease of the gastrointestinal tract: group I, 14 volunteers with IBS; group II, 15 volunteers with functional dyspepsia; group III, 14 volunteers without habitual gastrointestinal symptoms. The subjects were submitted to the skin prick test with 9 food antigen extracts, for a total of 387 skin tests (9 per volunteer). Of the 126 tests applied to group I, 24 (19.4%) were positive (a 3-mm wider papule than the negative control) and of the 135 tests applied to group II, 3 (2.3%) were positive. Of the 126 tests applied to group III, 6 (4%) were positive. The number of positive responses obtained in group I (IBS) differed significantly from the other 2 groups (P < 0.01). None of the volunteers with IBS reported intolerance to any isolated food. The higher reactivity to food antigens in group I compared to groups II and III suggests that intestinal permeability may be increased in patients with IBS.
PMID: 15107926
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Aug;17(8):821-2.
Comment on:
• Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Aug;17(8):827-36.
The intestinal lesion of autistic spectrum disorder.
Jass JR.
Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. jeremy.jass@mcgill.ca
This editorial briefly reviews the significance of lymphoid nodular hyperplasia in the intestinal tract of children with autistic spectrum disorder. The distinction between physiological and pathological lymphoid hyperplasia of the intestinal tract is of importance in the context of a possible causative link with autism. A primary intestinal lesion may occur as part of the broad spectrum of immunological disorders to which autistic children are prone. This could result in increased intestinal permeability to peptides of dietary origin which may then lead to disruption of neuroregulatory mechanisms required for normal brain development. Alternatively, there could be a primary defect in the translocation and processing of factors derived from the intestinal lumen. These possibilities deserve further investigation and should not be lost in the fog of the controversy regarding the role of measles/mumps/rubella vaccination in the aetiology of autistic spectrum disorder.
PMID: 16003130
Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2003 Jun;228(6):639-49.
Intestinal pathophysiology in autism.
White JF.
Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. jfwhite@physio.emory.edu
Autism is a life-long developmental disorder affecting as many as 1 in 500 children. The causes for this profound disorder are largely unknown. Recent research has uncovered pathology in the gastrointestinal tract of autistic children. The pathology, reported to extend from the esophagus to the colon, is described here along with other studies pointing to a connection between diet and the severity of symptoms expressed in autism. The evidence that there is impaired intestinal permeability in autism is reviewed, and various theories are discussed by which a leaky gut could develop. Lastly, some possible ways in which impaired gastrointestinal function might influence brain function are discussed.
PMID: 12773694
Acta Paediatr. 1996 Sep;85(9):1076-9.
Abnormal intestinal permeability in children with autism.
D'Eufemia P, Celli M, Finocchiaro R, Pacifico L, Viozzi L, Zaccagnini M, Cardi E, Giardini O.
Institute of Pediatrics, La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
We determined the occurrence of gut mucosal damage using the intestinal permeability test in 21 autistic children who had no clinical and laboratory findings consistent with known intestinal disorders. An altered intestinal permeability was found in 9 of the 21 (43%) autistic patients, but in none of the 40 controls. Compared to the controls, these nine patients showed a similar mean mannitol recovery, but a significantly higher mean lactulose recovery (1.64% +/- 1.43 vs 0.38% +/- 0.14; P < 0.001). We speculate that an altered intestinal permeability could represent a possible mechanism for the increased passage through the gut mucosa of peptides derived from foods with subsequent behavioural abnormalities.
PMID: 8888921