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http://www.livingfoodsusa.com/library/probiotic.htmlGUT REACTION: Researchers have found that Lactobacillus GR-1 and RC-14 can penetrate Escherichia coli biofilms, multiply, and survive.
Image: Courtesy of Mark Neysmith, © Gregor Reid
Experiments with germ-free animals have shown, paradoxically, that they are often sickly. Absence of intestinal microbiota leaves the animals' immune systems underdeveloped and can disrupt their intestinal morphology, problems that can be reversed to varying degrees by experimentally introducing probiotic species. Mahnaz Banasaz and colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden recently published experiments showing that one of the most widely studied probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, is easily established in germ-free rats and can markedly alter their gut morphology.<7> After three days of exposure, the rate of mitosis increases in the cells of the upper small intestine, significantly increasing the number of cells in the villi lining the intestinal wall, thus aiding absorption of soluble food. Probiotic strains are now used routinely in livestock nutrition, and some certainly seem to have potential for human use against a variety of pathogens.<8>
Probiotics may have potential to boost disease resistance, says Tannock. It is well known, for example, that normal mammalian commensal microbes can increase circulating specific and natural antibodies, and thus reduce antibiotic use. Future clinical applications for probiotics might include treating food allergies, reducing hypertension, or using them as vectors for oral vaccines. A recent paper hypothesizes that probiotics might even help detoxification in cases of mercury poisoning.<9> Proponents also note that probiotics have aided in restoring intestinal flora after antibiotic therapy, reducing the duration of rotaviral diarrhea and gastroenteritis in infants, and preventing traveler's diarrhea.<3>