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Hijiki is the stuff I've seen most often in salads. Dried, it looks like thin black strands of whatever. Its color comes back to a deep green-black after it's soaked and de salted. It tastes like low tide, IMO, not my favorite but YMMV.
Wakame is the stuff I like to cook in soups as one of the vegetables. It's bright green after soaking and has a fairly mild flavor.
Kombu (kelp) is what I use strips of to salt and lend a fishy flavor to sauces and broths that I'm using with seafood. It's also Japanese Alka Seltzer, said to settle the stomach, although it generally goes into such light fare that I can't tell.
Laver is a purple seaweed harvested here in the US. It's also chopped and cooked and can be used as a salad ingredient or as a vegetable.
Nori comes in sheets and is generally used dry and toasted over a gas stove flame. It can be crumbled and used as a salty-fishy seasoning or to wrap sushi.
And yes, you do need to cook all of it except nori before you chill it and use it in a salad.
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